AP的结构纳米化及其疏水性能改性  

Nano Structuring and Hydrophobic Property Modification of AP

作　　者：吴军[1] 李兆乾[1] 赵凤起[2] 裴重华[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学四川省非金属复合与功能材料重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,四川绵阳621010 [2]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2017年第4期56-60,65,共6页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：新型结构含能材料四川省省属高校创新团队基金(15TD0014)

摘　　要：以高氯酸铵(AP)和碳化细菌纤维素(CBC)为原料,并以聚甲基氢基硅氧烷(PMHS)、十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(FAS)和甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)为表面改性剂,采用溶液分散-冷冻干燥法制备疏水AP/CBC纳米结构材料。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、恒温恒湿箱、激光粒度分析仪、接触角测试仪等分别表征了AP/CBC纳米结构材料的微观形貌、分子结构、吸湿性能。结果表明,与纯AP相比,AP/CBC纳米结构材料的形貌变化较大,AP均匀分布在三维网络孔洞中,并且改性后的AP/CBC纳米结构材料表面被改性剂均匀包覆,这有助于疏水表面的形成。经过PMHS、FAS、MTES改性后的AP/CBC纳米结构材料的接触角分别为(109±2)°、(56±2)°、(55±2)°,与纯AP相比有很大的提高。经过改性处理的AP/CBC纳米结构材料吸湿性均小于纯AP,且经过PMHS改性的AP/CBC纳米结构材料的吸湿性最低,仅为0.31%。Hydrophobic AP/CBC nanostructured materials were prepared by the solution dipersion-freeze drying method with ammonium perchlo -rate（AP） and carbonized bacterial cellulose（CBC） as r a w materials, using polymethylhydrosiloxane （PMHS） ,dodecafluoroheptylpropyltrimetho -xysilane （ F A S ） and methyltriethoxysilane （ MTES ） as modifying agents. The morphology, structure and moisture absorption properties of AP/CBC nanostructured materials were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM） , fourier transform infrared spectrometer （FT-IR） , X-ray diffractometer （XRD）,contact angle tester, constant temperature and humidity box, laser particle size analyzer, contact angle tester and so on. The results show that compared with pure AP, the morphology change of nano-structure materials is larger, and AP is uniformly distributed in the hole of the three-dimensional net-work. Moreover, the surface of the modified nanostructured material after being modified is uniformly coated with modifier, which helps to form a hydrophobic surface. The contact an-gels of the AP/CBC nanostructured materials modified by PMHS ,FA S ,MTES are （ 109 ± 2 ）.,（ 56 ± 2 ）.,（ 55 ± 2 ）.,respectively, which are greatly improved compared with pure AP. The modified AP/CBC nanostructured materials have lower moisture absorption than the pure AP, especially the AP/CBC nanostructured materials modified by PMHS have the lowest moisture absorption of 0.31 % .

关 键 词：高氯酸铵 AP 吸湿性 碳化细菌纤维素 CBC 改性剂 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O647[理学—物理化学]