汉末礼乐之变与赵壹《刺世疾邪诗》探微  

A Study of the Decline of the Rites and Music in the Late Eastern Han Dynasty and Zhao Yi's Ci Shi Ji Xie Fu (刺世疾邪诗)

作　　者：贺威丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]南阳师范学院文史学院,河南南阳473061

出　　处：《南阳师范学院学报》2017年第8期66-70,共5页Journal of Nanyang Normal University

基　　金：2016年度河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2016CWX029)

摘　　要：赵壹《刺世疾邪诗》与《毛诗序》所言"变风变雅"相似,是东汉末年礼乐衰微背景下的变风变雅之调,因而言词激切、怨愤深广。赵壹虽未列名党锢,观其交游、性情、言行可知其人也深受当时党人以气节、清名为尚风气的影响。党人狷介婞直风尚在诗歌中表露无遗,大异于温柔敦厚的中和之美。两汉之诗多入乐可歌,诗、乐联系紧密,诗常以歌名,《汉书·艺文志》所载诗歌等皆为入乐歌诗,东汉文人诗也常入乐可歌。赵壹诗作是明确可信的东汉文人五言诗中最早独立于乐歌的作品。赵壹《刺世疾邪诗》二首分别以诗和歌命名,秦客为诗与鲁生作歌同时出现,鲁生作歌类于班固所作歌诗《咏史》,而不涉乐歌的秦客为诗则表明当时文人五言诗开始独立于乐歌。赵壹诗作最早显示出文人五言诗创作由入乐到去乐的倾向,为之后五言诗的发展打开了新局面。Employing impassioned language in Ci Shi Ji Xie Fu and Mao Shi Xu , ZhaoYi vented his discontent with and indignation over the change in literati ethos with respect to the pursuit of orthodox poetic composition against the backdrop of the decline of the rites in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. At the time, many Confucian scholars allied with scholar- bureaucrats, forming a huge political force in the court and the com-monalty to criticize the eunuchs5 interference in the regime. Zhao Y i , although not entangled in such a move, did undergo some influences exerted upon him by those Confucian officials and students of the state academy who up-held integrity and righteousness. The poetic works of those partisans were marked by an ardent advocacy for being upright, righteous and unyielding. The poems of the Han Dynasty were more entertaining, and the poems and mu-sic were closely connected. Songs and lyrics were often included in poems. Zhao Yi ’s poems were the earliest and most independent works of the five-character poems of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Two of Zhao＇ s poems in Ci Shi Ji Zfe （刺世疾邪诗）were named after poem and song respectively. One poem shows that the five-character poemof the literati in the Eastern Han Dynasty began to be independent of the song. Zhao＇ s poems show the tendency of the creation of five-character poems by scholars, which opens a new stage for the development of the five-character poems.

关 键 词：东汉末年 礼乐衰微 赵壹 《刺世疾邪诗》 

分 类 号：I207[文学—中国文学]