美国海军航空母舰舰载机自动着舰系统人的因素问题  

Human factors in US Navyls automated carrier landing system

作　　者：卢姗姗[1] 朱伟[1] 王伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]海军医学研究所,上海200433

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2017年第1期68-73,共6页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

基　　金：全军后勤科研项目（BHJ14C017,CHJIIC022）;武器装备军内科研项目（14A509）

摘　　要：目的综述与美国海军航空母舰舰载机自动着舰系统（automatic carrier landing system，ACLS）相关的舰载飞行疲劳、人的因素问题和人机交互关键技术，以期对我军相关装备的设计、飞行员训练提供借鉴和帮助。资料来源与选择国内外该领域的相关文献。资料引用引用文献资料44篇。资料综合航空母舰舰载飞行作业的特殊性、海上生活环境、时区变化等因素均会导致飞行员疲劳，严重影响飞行安全。为此，美国海军从20世纪60年代开始研发ACLS，以提高着舰效率和环境适应能力，降低工作负荷。由于ACLS功能上的重要性和特殊性，美国海军在建设过程中重点关注系统可信度、人机界面设计、人人交互、态势感知能力和失误报警等关键问题，并重点进行信息可视化呈现技术、态势感知能力提高技术、疲劳模型构建与在线疲劳监测技术等研究。结论飞行员因素是美国海军设计航空母舰舰载机自动着舰系统高度关注的问题，系统能够在能见度不好、海况复杂和其他因素的干扰情况下，帮助飞行员安全可靠地着舰。美国海军在研发航空母舰舰载机自动着舰系统中积累的经验和关键技术，可望为中国系统研发提供参照。Objective To review the key technologies related to pilot fatigue, human factors and man-machine interaction in US navy＇s automated carrier landing system （ACLS） and provide references to design and development of our navyrs automated carrier landing system. Literature resource and selection The related literatures published at home and ahroad were selected. Literature quotation Forty-four literatures were quoted. Literature synthesis Many factors such as the particularity of carrier based aircraft flight operations, the living at sea and time zone shift are all contributed to the pilot fatigue which seriously threatened the flight safety. US Navy have begun to research and develop the ACLS since 1960＇s so as to increase the effectiveness o{ carrier landing as well as the environmental suitability and to decrease pilots＇ workload. Since the importance and specificity of ACLS, US Navy highly concerned such factors as system reliability, human-interface design, human-human interaction, situation awareness and warning system during the process of design and development of ACLS. The critical technologies, such as the visualization of information, the measures of increasing situation awareness, fatigue modeling, real-time fatigue monitoring and etc. , have been developed. Conclusions Pilot is the key factor that US Navy highly concerned in designing of ACES. The ACLS helps the safe and reliable approaching in case of adverse visibility, sea state and other environmental influences disturbing pilot. The experiences and critical technologies obtained in the US Navy＇s ACLS development would he the lessons and referring value for improving China＇s system.

关 键 词：疲劳 人的因素 航空 航空母舰 舰载机 自动着舰系统 

分 类 号：E712[军事—军事理论]