简论中世纪西欧封建社会的教俗之争  

The Conflict between Church and State in the Feudal Medieval Europe

作　　者：赵林[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《求是学刊》2017年第4期31-38,共8页Seeking Truth

摘　　要：教俗之争是一条贯穿于中世纪西欧封建社会的政治红线。层层分封的封建关系造成了世俗政权的严重分裂和闭塞状态,然而以罗马教廷为中枢的天主教会却始终想要建立一统天下的基督王国。教权与王权冲突的实质就在于君主权力的合法性根据,由此产生了中世纪不可颠覆的"君权神授"理论。从加洛林王朝创建之初,羽翼未丰的罗马教会就在与世俗王权的相互借重中积蓄实力,经过数百年的激烈博弈,到13世纪下半叶,罗马教会已经无可置疑地确立起对西欧封建王权的优势地位,形成了一统天下的专制格局。The power struggle between Church and state an feudal society. While the feudal hierarchy results in runs through the political life of the medieval Europe- various but isolated secular monarchies, the Catholic Church headed by the popes is committed to establishing a unified Christendom. The core issue in the competi- tion between the Church and the secular rulers is the legitimate foundation of the monarchical power, which is gradually resolved in the theory of divine rights of the king. The Roman Catholic Church begins to strengthen itself in dependence on the monarchies in the Carolingian Dynasty, and is involved in a fierce competition against the latter in the following centuries. Finally in the latter part of the 13th century, the Church holds an undoubtedly dominant position over the European feudal rulers, and establishes its universal sovereignty.

关 键 词：封建社会 罗马教会 世俗王权 君权神授 

分 类 号：K13[历史地理—历史学]