湖北省宜昌市动物致伤人群狂犬病疫苗接种依从性影响因素分析  

Factors influencing compliance with rabies vaccine among people injured by animals

作　　者：蒋静[1] 李贵文[1] 邓亚玲[1] 程波[2] 田俊[1] 闫晓倩[1] 高菲[1] 

机构地区：[1]宜昌市疾病预防控制中心三峡大学公共卫生研究中心,湖北宜昌443003 [2]宜昌市中心人民医院三峡大学第一临床医学院,湖北宜昌443003

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2017年第4期442-444,共3页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

基　　金：三峡大学2014年度青年科学基金项目(KJ2014A025)

摘　　要：目的分析动物致伤人群狂犬病疫苗的接种依从性及影响因素。方法对2016年在宜昌市疾病预防控制中心动物致伤预防处置门诊就诊的动物致伤人群进行回顾性调查,采用描述性方法分析狂犬病疫苗的接种依从率。结果 7 974名动物致伤者的总接种依从率为90.13%;其中Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级暴露者分别为93.70%、88.07%(χ~2=65.95,P=0.000),采用"2-1-1"程序、5针程序者分别为95.78%、84.51%(χ~2=284.50,P=0.000)。接种疫苗依从率以春夏季、城镇、≤17岁、女性分别高于秋冬季、农村、≥18岁、男性。不依从的主要原因包括因客观原因错过接种(34.05%)、遗忘(27.32%)、担心接种后不良反应(25.03%)、认为没有必要接种(13.60%)。结论宜昌市动物致伤者狂犬病疫苗的接种依从率低,应加强对农村地区、成年人等重点人群的健康教育,推广合适的狂犬病疫苗程序。Objective To analyze factors influencing compliance with rabies vaccine among people injured by animals. Methods We conducted a retrospective survey of patients who were injured by animals and who visited an animal-exposure clinic in Yichang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2016. Compliance rates were analyzed descriptively. Results Overall compliance was90. 13% among 7 974 subjects. Compliance rates were 93. 70% and 88. 07%（χ~2= 65. 95,P = 0. 000）for level III and II exposures,respectively,and 95. 78% and 84. 51%（χ2= 284. 50,P = 0. 000） for the ＂ 2-1-1＂ schedule and the 5-dose schedule. Compliance was higher in spring and summer,urban areas,≤17 year olds,and females compared with autumn and winter,rural areas,≥18 year olds,and males.Reasons for noncompliance included missing vaccination due to objective causes（25. 03%）,forgetting vaccination（34. 05%）,concern about adverse reactions after immunization（27. 32%）,and believing that vaccination was unnecessary（13. 60%）. Conclusions Compliance with rabies vaccine among people injured by animals was low in Yichang. Public health education should be enhanced in rural areas and among adults,and an appropriate vaccination schedule for rabies vaccine should be recommended.

关 键 词：狂犬病 动物致伤 狂犬病疫苗 接种依从性 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]