Formation and control of nitrogenous DBPs from Western Australian source waters: Investigating the impacts of high nitrogen and bromide concentrations  

作　　者：Ina Kristiana Deborah Liew Rita K.Henderson Cynthia A.Joll Kathryn L.Linge 

机构地区：[1]Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University [2]School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales

出　　处：《Journal of Environmental Sciences》2017年第8期102-115,共14页环境科学学报（英文版）

基　　金：Funding from the Australian Research Council (LP100100548);Water Corporation of Western Australia;Curtin University;Water Research Australia

摘　　要：We studied the formation of four nitrogenous DBPs（N-DBPs） classes（haloacetonitriles,halonitromethanes, haloacetamides, and N-nitrosamines）, as well as trihalomethanes and total organic halogen（TOX）, after chlorination or chloramination of source waters. We also evaluated the relative and additive toxicity of N-DBPs and water treatment options for minimisation of N-DBPs. The formation of halonitromethanes, haloacetamides, and N-nitrosamines was higher after chloramination and positively correlated with dissolved organic nitrogen or total nitrogen. N-DBPs were major contributors to the toxicity of both chlorinated and chloraminated waters. The strong correlation between bromide concentration and the overall calculated DBP additive toxicity for both chlorinated and chloraminated source waters demonstrated that formation of brominated haloacetonitriles was the main contributor to toxicity. Ozone–biological activated carbon treatment was not effective in removing N-DBP precursors. The occurrence and formation of N-DBPs should be investigated on a case-by-case basis, especially where advanced water treatment processes are being considered to minimise their formation in drinking waters, and where chloramination is used for final disinfection.We studied the formation of four nitrogenous DBPs（N-DBPs） classes（haloacetonitriles,halonitromethanes, haloacetamides, and N-nitrosamines）, as well as trihalomethanes and total organic halogen（TOX）, after chlorination or chloramination of source waters. We also evaluated the relative and additive toxicity of N-DBPs and water treatment options for minimisation of N-DBPs. The formation of halonitromethanes, haloacetamides, and N-nitrosamines was higher after chloramination and positively correlated with dissolved organic nitrogen or total nitrogen. N-DBPs were major contributors to the toxicity of both chlorinated and chloraminated waters. The strong correlation between bromide concentration and the overall calculated DBP additive toxicity for both chlorinated and chloraminated source waters demonstrated that formation of brominated haloacetonitriles was the main contributor to toxicity. Ozone–biological activated carbon treatment was not effective in removing N-DBP precursors. The occurrence and formation of N-DBPs should be investigated on a case-by-case basis, especially where advanced water treatment processes are being considered to minimise their formation in drinking waters, and where chloramination is used for final disinfection.

关 键 词：Haloacetonitriles Haloacetamides Halonitromethanes N-nitrosamines Chlorination Chloramination 

分 类 号：TU991.2[建筑科学—市政工程]