黄土高原雨水资源化潜力及其对生态恢复的支撑作用  

Exploitation of rainwater harvesting potential and its impact on regional ecological restoration over the Loess Plateau

作　　者：吴普特[1] 赵西宁[1] 张宝庆[1,2] 高晓东[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]兰州大学资源环境学院西部环境教育部重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2017年第8期1-11,共11页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51609111);国家重点研发计划水资源高效开发利用专项(2016YFC0400204)

摘　　要：利用可变下渗容量(VIC)模型对黄土高原雨水资源化潜力进行定量分析,并采用两种数据集的归一化植被指数和遥感蒸散发产品,研究黄土高原植被覆盖时空演变趋势及蒸散耗水量变化。结果表明:近40 a来黄土高原年均气温上升趋势显著。退耕还林(草)工程实施以来,黄土高原植被覆盖状况明显好转,但蒸散耗水量急剧增加,2000—2014年间增加了134亿m^3,年均增加9亿m^3,水资源供需矛盾进一步加剧。大规模植被建设开始后,黄土高原年均蒸散耗水总量为2282亿m^3,而年均雨水资源化潜力为1807亿m^3,约为蒸散量的80%。通过适当调整植被类型、优化种植结构、抑蒸保墒、径流调控和增加土壤入渗等措施,降低植被奢侈性耗水,雨水资源可基本满足植被恢复耗水需求,有效支撑区域生态建设的可持续发展。In order to alleviate the co-existing situation of severe water shortage and soil erosion, the Rainwater Harvesting Potential （RHP） over the Loess Plateau was estimated by using the Variable Infiltration Capacity （VIC） model, which is a large-scale distributed hydrologic model. Two Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） datasets and MODIS evapotranspiration product were used to characterize vegetation restoration and its water consumption rule over the Loess Plateau. The results show that mean annual temperature of the Loess Plateau increased markedly at a rate of 0.055 ~C/year over the past four decades. The vegetation cover on the Loess Plateau improved significantly with the implementation of ＂Grain-For-Green＂ project. With the impact of both vegetation restoration and high water losses resulted from climate warming, the evaporated water consumption of the Loess Plateau significantly raised during 2000-2014 （increased by 134x 108 m3）, which have made water shortage to be an increasingly severe issue. The annual mean evapotranspiration over the Loess Plateau is 2282x 108 m3. The annual mean RHP on the Loess Plateau was 1807x 108 m3, which was about 80% of annual mean evapotranspiration. Through cropping structure adjustment, soil water preservation, and soil water high efficient use, and rainfall-runoff regulation, the RHP was generally enough to support the vegetation restoration. There is considerable scope for RHP across the Loess Plateau, which could potentially provide enough water resources to the ecological restoration over the Loess Plateau.

关 键 词：雨水利用 植被恢复 退耕还林 气候变化 蒸散耗水 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]