压力情景下运动员对负性信息的注意偏向研究  

Attentional Bias to Negative Emotional Stimulus of Excellent Athletes under Pressure Condition

作　　者：刘运洲[1] 杨勇涛[2] 张忠秋[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]天津体育学院国家体育总局竞技运动心理与生理调控试验室,天津300381

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2017年第2期134-138,161,共6页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：财政部基本科研业务费专项(项目编号:基本15-11)

摘　　要：注意偏向是指个体对特定刺激具有高敏感性并伴随着选择性注意,竞赛情景充满压力,易诱发运动员的消极情绪而产生注意偏向。目的:拟对压力情景下运动员注意偏向的内在机制和神经生理基础进行探讨,将有助于了解他们在比赛过程中的认知加工过程和特点,可为赛前进行针对性的注意训练与调控提供依据。方法:以正性、中性、负性情绪面孔图片为刺激材料,采用线索—靶子范式,借助事件相关电位技术(ERP)对25名运动员在压力和非压力情景下的注意行为进行测试。结果:行为数据结果显示,压力情景下无效线索提示时被试对以负性情绪面孔为线索的靶子反应时长于以中性、正性情绪面孔为线索的靶子反应时;脑电数据结果显示,与有效线索提示相比,无效线索提示时情绪面孔后的靶子诱发的P1及P300波幅较大,压力情景下负性情绪面孔后的靶子诱发的P300波幅大于正性、中性情绪面孔后的靶子诱发的P300波幅。结论:压力情景下运动员的注意偏向是对负性(威胁性)信息的注意解脱困难,脑电的变化在一定程度上可以对其神经生理效应进行解释。Attentional bias is a phenomenon that individuals pay attention to specific stimuli with high sensitivity.Competition situation can induce negative emotions that influence attentional bias because of its high pressure. Aim ：This study discussed the neural mechanism of attentional bias of athletes in pressure condition, which can help researchers understand the information processing characteristics in competition, and also can provide guidance for attention train- ing in pre-competition. Methods ： By using cue-target paradigm and ERP, the attentional behavior of twenty-five athletes were recorded when looking differ- ent kinds of emotional face pictures in pressure and unpressure conditions. Results ： The reaction time was slower in pressure condition for invalid cue condition when facing negative face pictures, compared with positive and neutral ones. The amplitude of P1, P300 induced by emotional pictures under invalid cue condition was higher than that of valid cue condition ; the amplitude of P300 induced by negative emotional pictures under pressure condition was higher than that of positive and neural ones. Conclusions ： Athletes pay more attention to negative stimulus in pressure condition, and are difficult to transfer their attention resource to other stimuli form negative stimulus.

关 键 词：注意偏向 运动员 压力情境 线索一靶子范式 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]