隔离抑或融合:民俗体育参与的性别变化研究——广西马山县壮族会鼓与打扁担的田野考察  

Separation or Convergence:A Study on Changes of Gender Participation in Folk Sports——Fieldwork of the Zhuang's “Drum Playing” and “Shoulder Pole Dancing” in Mashan County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

作　　者：吴林隐[1] 杨海晨[2] 韦金亮[3] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学社会学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]福建师范大学体育科学学院,福建福州350108 [3]广西中医药大学体育部,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《体育科学》2017年第8期29-36,共8页China Sport Science

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2015M570636)

摘　　要：基于社会性别理论,对广西马山县壮族会鼓与打扁担参与中的性别变化问题进行田野考察。研究发现,这两项传统上具有性别隔离特征的活动在当下出现了性别融合现象,这既表现为女性参与传统上为男性所专属的会鼓,也表现为少数男性参与为女性所专属的打扁担。但是,融合主要体现在两项活动作为非物质文化遗产展示与旅游文艺表演的公共场域,在活动原本存在的民间仪式与健身娱乐等私域,隔离仍然存在。研究认为,不同场域中性别融合与隔离并存的原因在于民俗体育文化在现代变迁中出现了"前台"与"后台"之隔,它们分别对应不同的功能需求,也因此塑造不同的性别参与特征。以此为基础,比较相关研究,提炼出能更合理理解当下民俗体育参与性别变化的理论解释,并思考这一解释可能具有的政策启示。According to the theory of social gender, the author made field investigations on the change of gender participating in the Zhuang＇ s folk sports ＂drum playing＂ and ＂shoulder pole danc- ing＂ in Mashan county of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Our study found out that these two activities traditionally featured with gender separation, gender convergence is now observed. Women are taking part in ＂drum playing＂ which was only played by man conventionally and meanwhile a small number of men are coming to join the female activity of＂ shoulder pole dancing＂. However, the convergence of genders only takes place in public fields where the two folk sports are played as a show of non-material culture heritage or tourism performance. In private domain where they are played conventionally as folk ritual or fitness entertainment, the separation of genders still exists. Therefore, it is believed in this study that the coexistence of gender convergence and separation in different fields lies in the fact that the folk sports culture turns into two parts in its modem transi- tion-one is called ＂the front stage＂ culture, and the other is called ＂the back stage＂ culture, while ＂the front stage＂ culture and ＂the back stage ＂culture reflect different functional demands and thus shape different characteristics of gender participation. On the basis of that, this paper makes a com- parison with related researches and further puts forward a theoretical explanation to help reasonably understand the current changes of gender participation in folk sports. It also provides some policy implications and thoughts about that explanation.

关 键 词：会鼓 打扁担 性别隔离 性别融合 场域 

分 类 号：G85[文化科学—民族体育]