北京高校体检人群颈动脉硬化与相关危险因素分析  

Analysis of carotid atherosclerosis and related risk factors in a university physical examination population in Beijing

作　　者：孟秀峰[1] 刘桂梅[1] 王秀兰[2] 徐勤[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学医院功能科,北京100084 [2]清华大学医院保健科

出　　处：《中华医学杂志》2017年第33期2620-2624,共5页National Medical Journal of China

摘　　要：目的探讨北京高校不同年龄段教职工人群颈动脉粥样硬化的发生率、与可能危险因素的相关性及1年后的随访情况。方法回顾性分析2014--2016年清华大学832例教职工的颈动脉超声体检资料、其他相关病史资料及生化检查数据，按照不同年龄段进行分组观察其动脉粥样硬化的发生情况，同时利用多因素Logistic回归探讨常规危险因素与颈动脉硬化之间的相关性，并且观察随访的体检人群其动脉硬化不同程度的进展情况。结果（1）3年中共2024例颈动脉体检人群，其中颈动脉超声复诊时间〉6个月的教职工共832例，颈动脉粥样硬化517例，其中男289例（55．9％），女228例（44．1％）。男性动脉粥样硬化发生率高于女性，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（2）50—59岁、60～69岁、70～79岁分别是颈动脉单纯内-中膜增厚组、斑块形成组、狭窄或闭塞组的高发年龄段。（3）经多因素Logistic回归分析后发现，高血压、糖尿病和高脂血症为颈动脉内-中膜增厚独立的危险因素。（4）832例教职工平均一年的超声随访观察结果显示，单纯内-中膜增厚、斑块形成、狭窄或闭塞的变化差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论本研究发现高校男性教职工动脉粥样硬化的发生率高于女性，且高血压、糖尿病及高脂血症是教职工动脉硬化重要的影响因素，对于不同年龄段应采取对应的早期筛查或采用针对性干预治疗，延缓动脉硬化的进程，另外观察动脉硬化需要长期随访，短期内尚无明显变化。Objective To explore the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis in staffs of Tsinghua university according to the different age groups, the possible risk factors and conduct a follow-up survey. Methods Detailed information about physical examination and carotid ultrasound from 832 staffs of Tsinghua University between 2014 to 2016 were reviewed to observe the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis according to different age groups; the correlation between conventional risk factors and carotid arteriosclerosis was studied by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The process of different degrees of arteriosclerosis in the population was observed one year later. Results In the past three years, there were 2 024 cases of carotid examination. Among them, there were 832 staffs who had been followed up for more than 6 months. There were 517 cases of carotid atherosclerosis, with 289 males （55.9%） and 228 females （44.1% ） , and the incidence of atherosclerosis in male was higher than that in female （P 〈 0.05 ）. The 50 to 59 years old, 60 to 69 years old, 70 to79 years old were the age group with high incidence of pure carotid intima-media thickening, atheroselerosis plaque formation and stenosis or occlusion, respectively. After multivariate Logistic regression analysis, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia were found the independent risk factors for carotid intimal thickening. The follow-up of 832 staffs with ultrasound showed that there was no significant difference in intima-media thickening, plaque formation, stenosis or occlusion after one year （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusions This research suggests that the incidence of atherosclerosis in male is higher than that in female, and hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia are important influencing factors of arteriosclerosis for staffs of Tsinghua University. Early screening, identification of high-risk patients and comprehensive treatment should be done to delay the process of atheroselerosis. In addition, long-term follow-up is necessary

关 键 词：颈动脉内-中膜厚度 超声 动脉粥样硬化 危险因素 

分 类 号：R194.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]