三峡库区长江干流及主要支流氮磷叶绿素变化趋势研究  

Studies on the total nitrogen,total phosphorus and chlorophyll a variations in the mainstream and main tributaries of the Yangtze River before and after the impoundment in the Three Gorges Project area

作　　者：彭福利[1] 何立环[1] 于洋[1] 魏复盛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境监测总站,北京100012

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2017年第8期845-855,共11页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：水华遥感监测与评价技术规范项目(编号:2023006001016);国家生态功能区生态保护考核与评价项目(编号:2039004001)资助

摘　　要：大坝建设对水生态环境的影响一直备受关注.长江三峡工程是目前为止世界范围内最大的水电工程,本文以2006~2015年三峡工程建设和试验性蓄水期长江干流及主要支流共计82个断面水质监测数据为基础进行了分析研究.结果表明,三峡库区长江干流水质保持稳定,支流总体水质有所好转.分年度进行SMK统计分析表明,总氮总磷总体呈上升趋势,且总氮呈现上升断面的数量高于总磷.总氮总磷上升的空间分布明显不同.总氮呈显著上升的断面普遍存在库首和库中地区,并有向库尾延伸的趋势,而总磷呈上升趋势断面在各干支流呈散点分布,在库尾重庆、长寿等地呈现显著升高的断面数量明显高于总氮,而在库首秭归和夷陵等地呈现显著上升断面的占比明显低于总氮.回水区总磷浓度总体高于非回水区,而总氮无明显差异.长江干支流氮磷含量呈上升趋势,但叶绿素a含量仅有约20%断面呈显著上升趋势,且空间分布分散.项目研究结果可为三峡大坝对水环境的影响提供参考,为库区水质管理提供借鉴.The effects of the construction of the Three Gorges Dam on the water ecological environment attract lots of actions. The Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River is so far one of the world＇s largest hydropower projects. This paper is about a decade research on the 82 monitoring sections in the mainstream and main tributaries of the Yangtze River during the construction period and trial impoundment period of the Three Gorges Project between 2006 and 2015. The findings suggest that the water quality of the mainstream of Yangtze River remained stable, and that of the tributaries in the project area has been improved to a certain extent. The year-specific SMK statistical analysis shows that the total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） concentrations were both on an ascending trend in general, and that there were more sections that recorded with rising TN concentrations than with elevated TP concentrations. The sections with rising TN concentrations were distributed in a way that was very different from that of the sections with elevated TP concentrations. It was common for the sections to observe notably higher TN readings in the head and central regions of the project area, and this trend extended to more sections in the tail region. The sections with rising TP readings were distributed randomly in the mainstream and tributaries of the Yangtze River. The number of the sections with notably higher TP concentrations was much more than that of the sections with evidently higher TN concentrations in Chongqing and Changshou in the tail region, and much less in Zigui and Yiling of the head region. The TP readings of the backwaters surpassed those of non-backwaters, and the TN readings varied little between the two. The TN and TP concentrations went on a rising trend in the mainstream and tributaries of the Yangtze River. However, only about 20% of the sections marked a notably rising trend of chlorophyll a and those sections were distributed randomly. This paper describes a decade-long, large-scale researc

关 键 词：三峡水库 水质 SMK分析 氮 磷 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]