伊朗油气合同(IPC)及谈判关键点研究  

Analysis on Iran Petroleum Contract (IPC) and Key Points of Negotiation

作　　者：闫娜[1] 李涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化石油工程技术研究院,北京100101

出　　处：《中外能源》2017年第8期17-24,共8页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：为了吸引国际投资,伊朗推出了新的"伊朗油气合同"(IPC)。与原回购合同相比,IPC合同考虑了不同阶段油气开发项目的需求,具有更广泛的适应性,打破了回购合同"五个一定"的规则,支付报酬的对象从资本转变为产量,伊朗国家石油公司(NIOC)或者其他本土公司由生产经营主导转变为技术伙伴,从无视风险转变为考虑风险与回报平衡,收入分配模式也发生了一些变化。IPC合同的关键经济条款包括计划周期、投资成本分类、报酬费及其调整因子、成本回收及本地化等。在IPC合同模式下,招标中将对技术标赋予更高的权重,可能的投标因素包括但不限于最低承诺工作量、产量峰值、峰值持续时间和成本回收速度等。由于IPC合同灵活性的增加、时间的延长,增加了投标和谈判的难度。参与伊朗油气项目竞标时,要谨慎选择合作伙伴,在不可抗力的界定中要考虑国际制裁的因素。另外,合资双方权利义务及职责分工、勘探投资的回收金额及速度、技术转移的方式、成本回收和取得收益的支付方式等需要进一步协商明确。对任何一个项目,都要针对特定的资源量数据、财税条款、作业条款进行仔细的经济评价,确定每一个因素的盈亏平衡点和退出点,并在谈判中争取有利条件。In order to attract international investment,Iran launched new Iran Petroleum Contract （IPC）.Com- pared with buyback contract,IPC considers the requirements of oil and gas development projects at different stages and has wider adaptability.The main changes include breaking the ＇Five Must＇ rules of buyback con- tract,paying for the production instead of capital,the transition of Iran National Oil Company （NIOC） or other local firms from operation dominator to technology partner and from ignoring the risks to considering the bal- ance of risk and reward,and the change in income distribution model.The key economic provisions of the IPC include planning cycle,classification of investment cost,remuneration and its adjustment factors,cost re- covery and localization.Under the IPC mode,technical bid will be given more weight during the bidding pro- cess,and the possible bidding factors include,but are not limited to,minimum commitment workload,produc- tion peak,duration of production peak and cost recovery rate.With the higher flexibility and extended time duration in IPC,the difficulty of bidding and negotiation increases.In the bidding for Iran oil and gas pro- jects,it is necessary to choose partners carefully and take international sanctions into consideration in the definition of force majeure.In addition,further negotiations are required to make clear the rights and obliga- tions of both parties and the division of responsibilities, the amount and rate of exploration investment recov- ery,the mode of technology transfer and the mode of payment for cost recovery and profit.A careful economic evaluation should be carried out for each project according to the specific resource data,fiscal provisions and operation provisions to determine the breakeven point and exit point for each factor and strive for more fa- vorable conditions in negotiations.

关 键 词：伊朗油气合同 回购合同 关键条款 投标因素 国际制裁 技术转移方式 

分 类 号：F416.22[经济管理—产业经济]