硅钙钾肥对盐碱地棉花生长发育及生理特性的影响  

Effects of Silicon-Calcium-Potash Fertilizer on Cotton Growth and Physiological Characteristics in Saline Field

作　　者：辛承松[1] 罗振[1] 孔祥强[1] 代建龙[1] 董合忠[1] 张祥宗 

机构地区：[1]山东棉花研究中心,山东济南250100 [2]无棣县棉花生产办公室,山东无棣251900

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2017年第8期69-72,共4页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目"黄河三角洲棉花省工增效栽培技术研究与示范(2015-17)";山东省自主创新及成果转化专项"黄河三角洲盐碱地快速改良技术--棉花(2014ZZCX07401-13)";农业科技创新工程项目"大田生态环境长期定位监测与评价(CXGC2016A05)"

摘　　要：试验在黄河三角洲盐碱地棉田上进行,以转Bt基因抗虫棉品种鲁棉研28号为试材,研究了硅钙钾肥施用对盐碱地棉花K^+、Na^+吸收积累、叶绿素含量、干物质积累和产量的影响,以期为盐碱地改良和棉花合理施肥提供理论依据和技术支撑。结果表明,硅钙钾肥作为基肥施用明显增加盐碱地棉花的K^+吸收积累量、减少Na^+吸收积累量;硅钙钾肥的施用还可维持较高的棉株叶面积、叶绿素含量,增强棉花抗逆性,增加棉株干物质积累量,提高棉花产量。棉花皮棉产量以在常规施肥量(CK)的基础上,加施硅钙钾肥750 kg/hm^2的处理较高,比对照增加6.9%,差异达显著水平,表明合理增施硅钙钾肥,对改良盐碱地土壤、增强棉花抗逆性、提高棉花产量均具有良好作用。In order to provide theoretical bases and technologies for saline-alkali soil reclamation and fertilizer application of cotton,the experiment was conducted with Bt cotton cultivar SCRC28 in coastal saline soil in the Yellow River Delta,Shandong Province. The effects of different amounts of silicon-calcium-potash fertilizer on the K~＋ and Na~＋ assimilation,chlorophyll content,dry matter accumulation and lint yield of cotton were investigated. The results showed that the K~＋ uptake of cotton was obviously higher,and the Na~＋ uptake of cotton was obviously lower under the treatment with silicon-calcium-potash fertilizer as base fertilizer. The leaf area,chlorophyll content,stress resistance,dry matter accumulation and lint yield of cotton under the treatment of silicon-calcium-potash fertilizer application were also higher than those in corresponding controls. The lint yield under the treatment with 750 kg/hm^2 of silicon-calcium-potash fertilizer added based on usual fertilizer amount increased by 6. 9% significantly compared to the controls. It indicated that economic application of silicon-calcium-potash fertilizer played positive roles in saline-alkali soil reclamation,stress resistance improvement and lint yield increase of cotton in coastal saline fields.

关 键 词：硅钙钾肥 盐碱地 棉花 生理特性 抗逆性 产量 

分 类 号：S562.01[农业科学—作物学]