中国红河地区董棕林乔木树种的物种组成和地理亲缘关系  

Composition and geographical affinity of the tree species Caryota obtusa forests in the Honghe region, SW China

作　　者：陈文红[1,2] 施济普[3] 文军 郭世伟[1] 常艳芬[3] 税玉民[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明植物研究所东亚植物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室,昆明650201 [2]云南省喀斯特地区生物多样性保护研究会,昆明650201 [3]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,云南勐腊666303 [4]United States National Herbarium,Department of Botany,Smithsonian Institution,National Museum of Natural History

出　　处：《生物多样性》2017年第8期823-829,共7页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31370228);美国国家地理协会项目(NGS8288-07);中国科学院昆明植物研究所东亚植物多样性与生物地理学院重点实验室开放项目(KLB201205)

摘　　要：在中国和中南半岛的喀斯特地区,董棕(Caryota obtusa)林是一类外貌醒目、物种多样和生境独特的植物群落。由于其具有作为食物和用于园艺的潜在价值,董棕在自然生境中越来越稀少。为了弄清董棕林的群落特征和物种组成,我们在云南红河地区的一个喀斯特峡谷选取6个群落样方研究了董棕群落的物种多样性。在每个20 m×20 m样方中,调查了胸径(DBH)≥4 cm的乔木树种的胸径等生物学特征。通过相对多度、相对频度和相对显著度计算出研究区董棕林群落中每个乔木树种的重要值,确定了该群落的优势组成。一方面,我们分别通过分布区类型和自然地理单元两种地理分布样式来分析乔木树种的地理成分组成特点,从而确定董棕林的地理联系;另一方面,我们选择了群落中重要值排名前5位的乔木树种,通过地理分布图的绘制,分析比较了5个优势树种的地理分布特点及其关系,确定了所选取的研究群落在整个董棕分布区的地位。结果表明,云南红河地区董棕林由67种乔木树种组成,群落名称可定为董棕+双果桑群落(Caryota obtusa+Streblus macrophyllus community),群落中乔木物种的区系成分以中南半岛分布最多,且是在热带东南亚喀斯特地貌大背景下发育形成的。研究暗示我国的董棕群落已处于该类热带喀斯特植被的最北缘,在中南半岛这个全球生物多样性热点地区值得优先加以保护。Caryota obtusa forests are characterized as showy vegetation with rich species diversity and a unique habitat in the Honghe region of China. Due to its food and horticulture value, mature Caryota obtusa individuals have become more rare in the field. Here, we sampled six plots in a deep karst valley of the Honghe region of Yunnan, China. In each 20 m × 20 m plot, our examination focused on species composition of trees via the measure of any trees with DBH ≥ 4 cm. Importance values were produced from datasets of their relative abundance（RA）, relative frequency（RF）, and relative prominence（RP）. On one hand, we analyzed the composition and geographical affinity of the tree species in Caryota obtusa forests based on the two patterns of geographic distributions（areal-type and natural geographic unit）, respectively. On the other hand, we selected the top 5 dominant tree species based on importance value and illustrated their distributions to confirm the position of sampled vegetation in the background of the entire distribution of the target species. The above survey and analysis revealed that there were 67 tree species contained in the sampled vegetation, which was a Caryota obtusa ＋ Streblus macrophyllus community and the geographic affinity of the vegetation belonged to the geographic unit of Indo China Peninsula with some strong karst background. Our study implies that the vegetation sampled here reached its northernmost distribution and deserves to be prioritized in conservation as it is a biodiversity hotspot in Indo China Peninsula.

关 键 词：热带北缘 喀斯特峡谷 棕榈科植物 残存生境 热带植被 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]