新型杀虫剂甲硫丁醚脲对家蚕的毒性与安全性评价  

Toxicity and Safety Evaluation of a Novel Insecticide Methylthio Diafenthiuron to Silkworm

作　　者：张中霄[1] 王开运[1] 姜莉莉[2] 张杰[3] 武玉国[3] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018 [3]山东农业大学农药环境毒理研究中心,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2017年第4期704-708,共5页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(No.201503130)

摘　　要：甲硫丁醚脲是以丁醚脲为前导结构合成的新型硫脲类杀虫剂,对小菜蛾、粉虱等害虫有良好防治效果。为了明确蚕区桑园及农田使用甲硫丁醚脲对蚕业生产安全性的影响,采用浸叶法测定甲硫丁醚脲与对照药剂丁醚脲对家蚕的急性毒性和慢性毒性。结果表明,丁醚脲对家蚕2龄幼虫96 h的LC50值为86.531 mg/L,属于中等毒性,中毒家蚕表现吐液、仰头、体表褐色等症状;甲硫丁醚脲对家蚕2龄幼虫96 h的LC_(50)值为9.768 mg/L,属于高毒性,家蚕的中毒症状表现为吐液、体僵直等。按照96 h LC_(50)的1/400、1/200、1/100、1/50和1/20浓度给家蚕2龄幼虫添食丁醚脲和甲硫丁醚脲,发现丁醚脲可导致家蚕3眠和4眠蚕体质量下降以及结茧率和化蛹率降低(P<0.05),甲硫丁醚脲可导致4眠蚕体质量以及结茧率和化蛹率降低(P<0.05)。试验结果显示,经过结构修饰的甲硫丁醚脲对家蚕的急性毒性有所增强,并且具有慢性毒性,故在蚕区使用须避免药液污染桑叶给蚕业生产造成损失。Methylthio diafenthiuron is a novel kind of thiourea insecticide synthesized by using diafenthiuron as leader structure. It has good control effect on pests including Plutella xylostella and whiteflies. In order to make clear whether application of methylthio diafenthiuron in mulberry field and in surrounding farmland of silkworm rearing area would affect the safety of sericulture production,leaf dipping method was adopted to determinate acute and chronic toxicity of methylthio diafenthiuron to silkworm（ Bombyx mori） using diafenthiuron as the contrast agent. The results showed that,diafenthiuron had a 96 h LC_（50） of 86. 531 mg/L to the 2nd instar silkworm larvae,being of moderate toxicity. The poisoned larvae exhibited vomiting,head uprising,body browning and other symptoms. Methylthio diafenthiuron had a 96 h LC_（50） of9. 768 mg/L to the 2nd instar silkworm larvae,being of high toxicity. The poisoned larvae showed vomiting and body stiffening etc. In chronic toxicity experiment,diafenthiuron and methylthio diafenthiuron at 1/400,1/200,1/100,1/50 and1/20 concentrations of their 96 h LC50 values were administered to the 2nd instar silkworm larvae. It was found that diafenthiuron could cause declines in weights of the 3rd and 4th instar molting larvae,in cocooning rate,and in pupation rate（ P0. 05）. Methylthio diafenthiuron could lead to reductions in weight of the 4th instar molting larvae,in cocooning rate,and in pupation rate（ P0. 05）.The results showed that the structure-modified methylthiodiafenthiuron has increased acute toxicity to silkworm and also has chronic toxicity. Therefore,drug contamination of mulberry leaves must be avoided for its application in silkworm rearing area to ensure safety of sericultural production.

关 键 词：杀虫剂 甲硫丁醚脲 丁醚脲 家蚕 急性毒性 慢性毒性 

分 类 号：S482.3[农业科学—农药学]