运动表象训练对运动员视觉表象和运动觉表象的短时和长期效应  

The Short-term and Long-term Effect of Motor Imagery Training of Athletes on Their Visual Imagery and Kinesthetic Imagery

作　　者：刘华[1] 李洋[1] 郭修兰[1] 郭玉峰[1] 杜艳艳[1] 程钰琦 荣湘江[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2017年第8期706-711,共6页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：北京市科技创新服务能力建设-科研计划课题(KM201610029001);首都体育学院科研基地建设-科技创新平台(15516017)资助

摘　　要：目的:探讨运动表象训练对运动员视觉表象和运动觉表象的短时和长期效应。方法:选取首都体育学院运动训练专业的运动员20人为实验组,运动人体科学专业大学生20人为对照组,分别实施运动表象训练。两组分别在训练前、训练后10 min、训练后48 h采用运动觉和视觉想象问卷,评估各自的运动觉表象和视觉表象分数。结果:重复测量方差分析显示,视觉表象分数和运动觉表象分数均存在时间主效应[FVI分数(2,37)=7.57,P<0.01;FKI分数(2,37)=11.75,P<0.01],表现为训练后10 min分数最高,训练后48 h次之,训练前分数最低。视觉表象分数训练后提高明显,48 h视觉表象分数与训练前相比无显著性差异(P=0.175);训练后运动觉表象分数较训练前提高并且下降缓慢,48 h运动觉表象与训练前相比仍有统计学差异(P=0.009)。实验组和对照组的变化趋势相同,实验组在每一时间点的运动觉分数和视觉分数均高于对照组,但无显著性差异。视觉表象分数和运动觉表象分数无分组因素主效应,且时间因素和分组因素无交互效应。结论:运动表象训练能提高从未参与运动表象训练人群的视觉表象能力和运动觉表象能力,短时更明显;其对运动觉表象的长时影响更为显著。Objective To investigate the short-term and long-term effect of motor imagery training on visual imagery and kinesthetic imagery of athletes. Methods Twenty athletes majoring in the sports training of Capital University of Physical Education were selected into the experimental group, while 20 counterparts majoring in the human kinetic science were selected into the control group. All subjects received motor imagery training, and were assessed their visual imagery and kinesthetic imagery at three before the training, as well as ten minutes and 48 hours after the training. Results The repeti- tive measurement and analysis of variance showed that the visual imagery and kinesthetic imagery scores had the main effect of time factor [Fw （2,37） =7.57, P〈0.01; FKI （2,37） = 11.75, P〈0.01 ）], as the scores were the highest at ten minutes after training, the second highest at 48 hours after training and the lowest before training. The visual imaginary scores increased significantly after the training, but had no significant difference 48 hours after the training compared to that before the training. After the train- ing the kinesthetic imagery scores increased significantly and then declined slowly, and there were sig- nificant differences in the score before and 48 hours after the training （P=0.009）. The experimental group and the control group had the same change trend in the visual and kinesthetic imagery scores. The average scores of the former group were higher than the latter at the＇ same time points but with- out significant differences. The visual and kinesthetic imagery scores had no main effect of group fac- tor, and there was no interaction effect of time factor and group factor. Conclusion Motor imagery training could increase the ability of visual and kinesthetic imagery of people never participating in mo- tor imagery training and the short-term effect was more obvious. The long term effect of motor imagery training was more significant on kinesthetic imagery than visual imagery.

关 键 词：运动表象训练 运动表象能力 运动觉表象 视觉表象 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]