餐厨垃圾废水制备液态固氮菌肥  

Preparation of liquid bacterial fertilizer of nitrogen-fixing bacteria from food waste-recycling wastewater

作　　者：郭新愿[1,2] 祁光霞 王永京[2] 任连海[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学建筑工程学院,北京100022 [2]北京工商大学环境科学与工程系,北京100048

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2017年第9期4978-4984,共7页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51578008);国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAC27B01-03)

摘　　要：探讨餐厨垃圾废水用作发酵基质生产液态褐球固氮菌肥的可行性。结果表明,餐厨垃圾废水培养的褐球固氮菌在第4~5天活菌数达到最大(Ⅰ类废水3.0×1012CFU·m L^(-1),Ⅱ类废水3.3×1012CFU·m L^(-1)),餐厨垃圾湿热处理对褐球固氮菌生长的促进作用十分有限。废水的pH和盐分对褐球固氮菌的生长代谢影响极为显著:Ⅰ类废水褐球固氮菌生长的最佳pH为7,Ⅱ类废水最佳pH为7.5,其他pH将对褐球固氮菌的生长代谢活性造成不同程度的抑制;随着Na Cl含量的增加,固氮菌活菌数先升高后快速降低,最利于菌种培养的Na Cl浓度为3 g·L^(-1)。温度、摇床转速和接种量对菌株培养的影响不显著,正交实验确定的较优培养条件为pH=7、T=28℃、转速150 r·min-1、接种量2%(体积分数)。餐厨垃圾废水制备的固氮菌肥可提高土壤总氮水平(线性相关性R2=0.979),施用0.025‰~2.5‰质量比例固氮菌剂的土壤生长的黄豆苗干重可达到按照5‰质量比例施加无机复合肥生长的黄豆苗的55.2%~67.2%。The feasibility of using food waste-recycling wastewater as fermentation substrate for producing liquid Azotobacter chroococcum fertilizer was investigated in this study. The results showed that Azotobacter chroococcum cultured in the food waste-recycling wastewater reached logarithmic growth stage in as short as 3 days of adaptation period,and the number of strains reached the maxima on the 4th to 5th day（wastewater Ⅰ 3. 0 × 10^12CFU·mL^-1,wastewater Ⅱ 3. 3 × 10^12CFU·mL^-1）. The promotion effect of food waste hydrothermal treatment on the growth of Azotobacter chroococcum was very limited. pH and salt concentration of the wastewater had great influence on the growth and metabolism of Azotobacter chroococcum. The optimal pH for Azotobacter chroococcum growth in wastewaterⅠwas pH 7,in wastewaterⅡwas pH 7. 5,while other pH would inhibit the growth and metabolism activity of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria. With an increase of Na Cl concentration,the strain numbers first increased and then steeply decreased,and the optimal Na Cl concentration for bacterial culture was only 3 g ·L^-1. The variation of temperature,shaking speed and strain inoculation volume affected the growth of Azotobacter chroococcum significantly. The optimal culture conditions were pH = 7,T = 28 ℃,shaking speed 150 r·min-1,and inoculums of 2%（volume fraction） as determined by orthogonal experiment. The nitrogen-fixing bacterial fertilizer prepared from food waste-recycling wastewater was able to rise the total nitrogen concentration of soil（linear correlation R^2= 0. 979）,and the dry weight of soy beans grown in soils amended with 0. 025‰ to 2. 5‰of nitrogen-fixing bacterial fertilizer was from 55. 2% to 67. 2% of that grown in the soil amended with 5‰ of inorganic fertilizer on weight basis.

关 键 词：餐厨垃圾废水 液态菌肥 固氮菌 资源化 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]