春小麦-向日葵复种对土壤水盐及农田生产力的影响  

Effects of Spring Wheat-sunflower Multiple Cropping on Soil Moisture,Soil Salinity and Farmland Productivity in Hetao Irrigation District

作　　者：白岗栓[1,2] 邹超煜 杜社妮[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2017年第4期227-234,258,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院重点部署项目(KFZD-SW-306);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD14B006)

摘　　要：为充分利用自然资源,减轻土壤盐渍化,提高农田生产力,在内蒙古河套灌区以春小麦、玉米和向日葵单作为对照,监测春小麦—向日葵复种对土壤水分、盐分和农田生产力的影响。结果表明:春小麦收获前,春小麦—向日葵复种和春小麦单作0—100cm土层土壤水分低于玉米单作和向日葵单作;春小麦收获后春小麦—向日葵复种、玉米单作和向日葵单作耕层土壤水分高于春小麦单作,20—80cm土层土壤水分则低于春小麦单作。春小麦收获前不同种植模式的土壤盐分变化剧烈,春小麦收获后则变化平缓。不同种植模式主要影响0—40cm土层土壤盐分,对40cm土层以下的土壤盐分影响较小。复种向日葵收获期春小麦—向日葵复种耕层土壤盐分较春小麦单作、玉米单作和向日葵单作分别降低32.52%,16.70%和24.92%,0—100cm土层分别降低13.32%,8.88%和12.07%。春小麦—向日葵复种的等价产量较春小麦单作、玉米单作和向日葵单作分别高出126.01%,3.86%和3.21%。春小麦—向日葵复种可减少土壤盐分,提高农田生产力,在河套灌区具有一定的发展前景。In order to make full use of natural resources,reduce soil salinization and improve farmland productivity,this experiment took spring wheat sole cropping,maize sole cropping and sunflower sole cropping as control,the effects of spring wheat-sunflower multiple cropping on soil moisture,soil salinity and farmland productivity were investigated in Hetao irrigation district.The results showed that before spring wheat harvest,the soil moisture in 0—100cm soil layer of spring wheat-sunflower multiple cropping and spring wheat sole cropping were lower than maize sole cropping and sunflower sole cropping.After spring wheat harvest,soil moisture in top layer of spring wheat-sunflower multiple cropping,maize sole cropping and sunflower sole cropping were higher than spring wheat sole cropping,but soil moisture in 20—80cm soil layer were lower.Soil salinity of different cropping patterns changed drastically before spring wheat harvest,but changed gently after spring wheat harvest.Different cropping patterns had great influence on soil salinity in 0—40cm soil layer,but had less influence on soil salinity under 40 cm soil layer.When multiple cropping sunflower harvest,top soil salinity of spring wheat-sunflower multiple cropping were lower than that of spring wheat sole cropping,maize sole cropping and sunflower sole cropping,by 32.52%,16.70%and 24.92%respectively,and 0—100cm soil layer soil salinity were lower by 13.32%,8.88%and 12.07%respectively.Equivalent yields of spring wheat-sunflower multiple cropping were 126.01%,3.86% and3.21%respectively,higher than that of spring wheat sole cropping,maize sole cropping and sunflower sole cropping.Spring wheat-sunflower multiple cropping could reduce soil salinity,improve farmland productivity,and have a certain development prospect in Hetao irrigation district.

关 键 词：春小麦 向日葵 复种 土壤水分 土壤盐分 生产力 

分 类 号：S344.3[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]