富士苹果营养转换期肥料氮去向和土壤氮库盈亏研究  

Study on Fertilizer Nitrogen Fate and Soil Nitrogen Pool Budget During Nutrition Transformation Period of Fuji Apple

作　　者：王芬[1] 田歌[1] 彭玲[1] 何流[1] 刘晓霞[1] 葛顺峰[1] 姜远茂[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2017年第4期254-258,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31501713);国家重点研发计划资金项目(2016YFD0201100);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设资金项目(CARS-28)

摘　　要：运用15 N同位素示踪技术,以5年生烟富3/SH6/平邑甜茶苹果为试材,研究了不同施氮水平(0,50,100,150,200,250kg/hm2)对营养转换期富士苹果肥料氮吸收利用、土壤残留和土壤氮库盈亏的影响。结果表明,随施氮水平的提高,肥料氮的利用率逐渐下降,且树体吸收土壤氮素的比例逐渐降低,而来自肥料氮的比例逐渐升高;施氮1个月后,5.75%~12.99%的肥料氮被树体吸收,29.62%~39.74%的肥料氮残留在0—60cm土体中,47.27%~64.64%的肥料氮通过其他途径损失。随施氮水平的提高,树体吸收的肥料氮量和土壤残留氮量逐渐增加,但肥料氮利用率和土壤残留率却不断降低,同时损失量和损失率不断增加。残留在土壤剖面中的肥料氮主要分布在表土层(0—20cm),各土层15 N丰度随施氮水平的提高显著提高。随施氮水平的提高,土壤氮素总平衡由亏缺转为盈余,表明低施氮水平会造成土壤氮肥力的下降,过量施氮则会加剧土壤氮素累积。施氮水平与土壤氮素总平衡存在较好的正相关关系,其回归方程为y=0.3147x-16.144(R2=0.990 2),当施氮水平达到51.30kg/hm2时,土壤氮库达到平衡。The fertilizer nitrogen absorption and utilization,soil nitrogen residue and soil nitrogen pool budget under different nitrogen levels（0,50,100,150,200,and 250kg/hm^2）were studied using 15 N isotope tracer technique during nutrition transformation period of 5-year-old Fuji Apple.The results showed that with the increasing of nitrogen application,utilization ratio of fertilizer nitrogen decreased gradually,and the percentage of tree nitrogen absorbed from soil nitrogen gradually decreased,but from nitrogen fertilizer increased.After one month of nitrogen application,5.75%-12.99% of fertilizer nitrogen was absorbed by tree,and 29.62%-39.74% of it remained in 0—60cm soil,and 47.27% -64.64% of it lost by other means.With the increasing of nitrogen application rate,the amount of fertilizer nitrogen absorbed by tree and soil residual nitrogen increased gradually,but the utilization rate of fertilizer nitrogen and soil residual rate decreased,and meantime,the loss amount and the loss rate of fertilizer nitrogen were both increasing gradually.Residual fertilizer nitrogen in the soil mainly distributed in the topsoil（0—20cm）,and soil 15 N abundance increased significantly with the increasing of nitrogen application.With the increasing of nitrogen application,soil total nitrogen balance changed from deficit to surplus,and this indicated that low nitrogen application rate could lead to the decrease of soil nitrogen fertility,and the excessive application of nitrogen could increase the accumulation of nitrogen.There was a significant positive correlation between soil total nitrogen balance and nitrogen application rate,and the regression equation was y=0.3147x-16.144（R^2=0.990 2）,soil nitrogen pool reached balance when nitrogen application rate was 51.30kg/hm^2.

关 键 词：苹果 营养转换期 氮水平 氮去向 土壤氮库盈亏 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] S661.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]