从对抗到合作:近代英国集体谈判制的兴起  

From Confrontation to Cooperation:The Rise of Collective Bargaining System in Modern Britain

作　　者：刘金源[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《史学集刊》2017年第5期86-94,共9页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"近代英国劳资冲突化解机制的形成研究"(13BSS029);国家社会科学基金重点项目"20世纪以来英国劳资关系史"(15AZD041);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地南开大学世界近现代史研究中心重大项目"英国社会转型研究"(16JJD770026)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：集体谈判是20世纪以来西方国家主流的劳资争议化解机制,它最先起源于工业化时期的英国。在19世纪后半叶,调解、仲裁是集体谈判的原初形式,而仲裁与调解委员会也成为民间最早的集体谈判机构。以1860年诺丁汉仲裁与调解委员会为起点,英国各地各行业劳资双方纷纷自发建立起集体谈判机构,通过仲裁、调解等方式来化解劳资争议的热潮开始兴起。英国政府虽然于此间出台了两部相关立法,旨在对民间集体谈判加以规范与管控,但在实践中却沦为一纸空文。近代英国集体谈判独立于国家司法权威之外自行发展,体现出鲜明的自愿主义特色。集体谈判开创了一种全新的争议解决模式,劳资双方依据程序平等原则,就劳资争议进行面对面的沟通、协商与谈判,进而通过调解、仲裁方式达成集体协议。集体谈判不仅增强了劳资之间的相互尊重、理解、互信与合作,而且在一定程度上推动了劳资关系立法进程,从而标志着英国劳资关系从对抗到合作的转变。Collective bargaining has been the main mechanism on resolving industrial disputes in Western countries since 20 th century,which originated in the British industrialization. During the second half of 19 th century,collective bargaining sprang up with conciliation and arbitration as its original forms,and Board of Conciliation and Arbitration as its typical collective bargaining organization. Since the foundation of Board of Conciliation and Arbitration at Nottingham in 1860,more and more collective bargaining organizations had been established in different trades and area throughout Britain,which indicated a great upsurge of resolving industrial disputes by means of conciliation and arbitration. Although British government introduced two related legislations aiming to normalize and regulate private collective bargaining,they descended to dead letters in practice. Collective bargaining in modern Britain self-developed independent of state judicial authorities,which embodied the characteristic of distinct voluntarism. Collective bargaining system initiated a completely new way to resolve disputes,in which employers and labors came together for face to face communication,consultation and negotiation on the principle of procedure equality,reaching collective agreements by conciliation and arbitration. Collective bargaining not only strengthened mutual respect,understanding,trust and cooperation between employers and labors,but also promoted the progress of industrial legislations to a certain extent,which marked the transformation of industrial relations from confrontation to cooperation in Britain.

关 键 词：集体谈判 英国 劳资关系 仲裁 调解 

分 类 号：K561.4[历史地理—历史学]