汉语方言[昨天][今天][明天]的时间表达系统及其来源  

The origin of time expression systems for yesterday, today and tomorrow in Chinese dialects

作　　者：何亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学文学院

出　　处：《中国语文》2017年第5期589-601,共13页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：2011年教育部人文社科规划项目"现代汉语方言时间语词的多角度研究"(编号:11YJA740027)的资助

摘　　要：汉语方言[昨天][今天][明天]分布最广的几种表达类型分别是:"昨+词缀""昨+DAY义成分""夜晚义成分""昨+夜晚义成分";"今+词缀""今+DAY义成分";"明+词缀""明+DAY义成分""早晨义成分""明+早晨义成分"。它们分别源于古代三个表达系统:1)"昨日、今日、明日"系统;2)"夜晚义成分+日、今日、早晨义+日"系统;3)"昨朝、今朝、明朝"系统。"昨+夜晚义成分""明+早晨义成分"则是不同表达系统融合的结果。The present study demonstrates that the most widely used time expression systems for yesterday,today and tomorrow in Chinese dialects can be classified as follows.The expression systems for yesterday include(a)'zuo+suffix',(b)'zuo+elements of day',(c)elements of night',(d)'zuo+elements of night'.The expression systems for today include(a)'jin+suffix',(b)'jin+elements of day'.The expression systems for tomorrow include(a)'ming+suffix',(b)'ming+elements of day',(c)'elements of morning',(d)'ming+elements of morning'.It is argued that these categories originated from three expression systems in ancient times respectively,namely,(a)words that express yesterday,today and tomorrow,(b)elements related to the meaning of night+day,words that express today,and elements related to the meaning of morning+day,(c)zuozhao,jinzhao and mingzhao.The expressions'zuo+elements of night'and'ming+elements of morning'are interpreted as having resulted from the mixture of different expression systems.

关 键 词：昨天 今天 明天 表达系统 历史来源 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]