鲁迅的“文人习气”、杂文创作与小说史研究——以《中国小说史略》名类讽刺小说与谴责小说为中心  

On LU Xun's Literati Habits,Essays and Researches of the Chinese Fiction History——Focusing on the Satirical and Misanthropic Fictions Commented in A Short History of Chinese Fiction

作　　者：温庆新[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学文学院,江苏扬州225002

出　　处：《江西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2017年第3期96-103,共8页Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目"鲁迅<中国小说史略>辨正"(编号:15FZW057)

摘　　要：作为中国小说史奠基之作的《中国小说史略》在多次修订后,鲁迅对讽刺小说与谴责小说的认识经历了由单列谴责小说到讽刺小说、谴责小说镳道并驱且以褒讽刺小说而贬谴责小说为主的变化过程。这种做法不仅受鲁迅"领袖欲旺盛"、"太易流于感情之论"等文人习气的影响,带有浓厚的"个人的批评"色彩。而且,鲁迅褒讽刺小说的做法与其推崇讽刺作品的文学创作行为有关,是其为破除彼时社会有关讽刺作品的偏见、寻求历史渊源的支撑而对讽刺作品进行正名之目的使然。这些导致《中国小说史略》相关论述多有偏离小说史的演进实情之处,以致体系不严、论断随意,缺乏历史与逻辑、理论与事实的统一,对后世治小说史者产生了深远影响。With the continuous revision of A Short History of Chinese Fiction,LU Xun’s understanding of the satirical fictions and the misanthropic fictions had gone through the process from the misanthropic fictions to the coexistence of the satirical fictions and misanthropic fictions,praising the satirical fictions and playing down the misanthropic fictions. This practice not only was affected by LU Xun’s literati habits,such as strong leader desire,too easy to fall into the emotional judgment,etc.,but also had a strong ＂personal criticism＂color. Moreover,the practice of praising the satirical fictions was also closely related to the literary creation behavior of respecting the satirical fictions,so as to eliminate people’s prejudice of the satirical fictions at that time,and seek the support of historical origin and rectify people’s attitude to the satirical fictions,which led to the following situations： many statements related to A Short History of Chinese Fiction deviated from the evolution truth of Chinese fiction history,the system was not strict,the judgment was too casual,the unity of history and logic,theory and facts lacked,these facts had a profound impact on the later researchers in Chinese fiction history.

关 键 词：《中国小说史略》 讽刺小说 谴责小说 文人习气 “个人的批评” 

分 类 号：I210.97[文学—中国文学]