“民主政制”正当性前提的哲学思考  

Philosophical Reflection on the Basis of Justification of Democracy

作　　者：高山奎[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学哲学系

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2017年第10期87-98,共12页

基　　金：国家社会科学青年基金项目"列奥.施特劳斯犹太思想研究"(项目编号:13CZX061)资助成果;第59批中国博士后科学基金面上资助(资助编号:2016M591610)

摘　　要：民主政制是一种具有多种终局可能和理论缺陷的政体。在政治实践上,它有蜕化为僭主专政和民粹主义的潜在基因,这在纳粹主义和雅各宾专政中得到鲜明的例示。从理论前提上看,美国式民主是一种强调形式正义的混合民主政体,但民主选举程序的合法并不意味结果的公正。合法(形式正义)与正义(实质正义)之间的巨大裂痕,为贤明君主制(仁慈僭政)统治的正当性提供了理论上的可能,同时也让我们警惕民主政制潜含的政治风险。由是观之,民主宪政并非主流观念所宣扬的那么理想完美和理所应当。廓清民主宪政的实践变体和德性缺失,不仅有助于我们审慎理性地看待世纪之交的这场宪政之争,同时也对我们更好地进行政治文明建设提供了重要的理论参考。Democracy is a polity type that has various possibilities and theoretical defects. Because on the one hand, democracy probably leads to tyranny and populism in political practice, which is distinctly reflected in nazism and the Jacobin Reign of Terror. On the other hand, from the theory premise, American democracy is a mixture democracy with special emphasis on formal justice, but legitimacy of democratic e- lection procedures does not mean that the results of the same justice. The great rift between legitimacy （for- mal justice） and justification （substantial justice） not only provides a theoretical possible for justification of the beneficent tyrant rule, but also let us alert possible risk of democratic regime. In other words, the justi- fication of democratic constitutionalism isn＇ t self - sufficient. Therefore, thinking seriously about variations and lack of virtue of democratic constitution, which helps us to soberly aware pros and cons constitutional dispute at the turn of a new century in china, and provides an important theoretical reference for Chinese political civilization practice.

关 键 词：民主政制 法国大革命 魏玛共和国 纳粹主义 《论僭政》 

分 类 号：B151[哲学宗教—世界哲学]