明代女户的界定及其社会待遇  

The Meaning and Social Treatment of Nü hu in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：张登璨 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872

出　　处：《贵州文史丛刊》2017年第3期8-19,共12页GUIZHOU CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL JOURNAL

摘　　要：明代女户分为传统意义上的女户——妇女担任户主的民户,和非传统意义上的女户——承担特殊职役的人户。传统意义上的女户须承担国家的正役并向国家缴纳赋税,但享有政府免除杂差的优待,并且政府多把其编入"畸零户"中。非传统意义上女户主要包括宫廷女户、宴乐女户、抬轿女户等,其中以宫廷女户(包括朝天女户)为主,同时,由于其有固定的职役,明廷为了保证他们完成任务,一般也会给予其免除杂差的优待。In the Ming dynasty, Nil hu（女户） was divided into the traditional Nu hu whose householder was held by women, and the non-traditional Nil hu whose family had to undertake some special service servant. The traditional Nu hu had to undertake formal servant and paid taxes to the government, while they were entitled to exempt affiliated servant. Meanwhile, the government usually put them in ＂Marginal households＂ . The non-traditional Nu hu mainly included Court Nil hu which also embraced sacrificial Nil hu for the emperors, Banquet Music Nu hu, carrying sedan- chair Nu hu and so on, and the proportion of Court Nu hu was the largest. Meanwhile, the non-traditional Nu hu had respectively stationary service servant, and the government usually allowed them not to undertake affiliated servant to ensure them finish their assignments.

关 键 词：明代 传统女户 非传统女户 社会待遇 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]