氮肥影响节肢动物天敌对褐飞虱种群的自然控制作用  

Application of nitrogen fertilizer affects natural control of the rice brown planthopper( Nilaparvata lugens Stl) by arthropod natural enemies

作　　者：朱平阳[1,2] Heong Kongluen Sylvia VILLAREAL 吕仲贤[1] ZHU Pingyang HEONG Kongluen Sylvia VILLAREAL LU Zhongxian(State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China Jinhua Plant Protection Station, Jinhua 321017, China International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhefiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省植物有害生物防控重点实验室省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所,杭州310021 [2]金华市植物保护站,金华321017 [3]国际水稻研究所 [4]浙江大学昆虫科学研究所,杭州310021

出　　处：《生态学报》2017年第16期5542-5549,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划支持项目(2016YFD0200800);浙江省重点研发计划(2015C02014);浙江省植物有害生物防控省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地自主设计项目(2010DS700124-ZZ1601)

摘　　要：氮肥在增加粮食产量的同时也可能对整个农田生态系统产生负面影响。稻田过量施用氮肥后,会提高水稻对害虫的敏感性、改变害虫与天敌之间的关系,最终影响到天敌对害虫的自然控制功能,导致害虫大发生。为了合理、公正地评价施用氮肥对稻田节肢动物天敌对害虫自然控制能力的影响,探索性地应用笼罩的方法在菲律宾国际水稻研究所试验农场稻田中研究了害虫天敌在不同氮肥施用水平(0,100 kg N/hm^2和200 kg N/hm^2)稻田中对褐飞虱的捕食能力及自然控制作用。试验结果表明,旱季田间的捕食性天敌对褐飞虱若虫的捕食能力和主要天敌对褐飞虱种群的自然控制能力均随稻田氮肥施用量的增加而减弱。在雨季,虽然天敌对褐飞虱种群的自然控制能力也随稻田氮肥施用量的增加而减弱,但捕食性天敌对褐飞虱若虫捕食能力的差异不明显。本研究表明,天敌对褐飞虱自然控制能力的减弱是稻田过量施用氮肥后褐飞虱种群猖獗的主要原因之一。Rice crop yields often increase with applications of nitrogenous fertilizer. However excessive nitrogen use can also increase the susceptibility of the crop to pests and diseases. In addition excess nitrogen in water systems is a pollutant that can threaten aquatic fauna and human health. Increased crop susceptibility to insect pests also affects the relationship between pests and their natural enemies and thus can reduce natural control that can potentially result in outbreaks. To evaluate these effects of nitrogen on the natural control of insect pests by arthropod natural enemies in rice field, we experimentally explored the predation ability and natural control capacity by arthropod natural enemies on the rice brown planthopper （BPH）, Nilaparvata lugens St？l using different nitrogen fertilizer regimes in field plots conducted in the International Rice Research Institute, Philippines. The natural enemy exclusion method was used in filed plots where nitrogen （0, 200 kg N/hm2 and 200 kg N/hm2） was applied at and repeated for both the dry and wet season. BPH and natural enemy densities of inside the exclusion cages were monitored using the Blower-vac insect suction device. The predatory capacities on BPH nymphs by generalist predators, and the functions of natural biological control on BPH populations by natural enemies including predators and parasitoids were studied. Results showed that the predation ability of natural enemies and the natural control functions were significantly weakened with the increasing use of nitrogen fertilizer in dry season. Predation rates of natural enemies with the highest nitrogen use （200 kg N/hm2） were all lower than 40%. Nitrogen levels, rice growth stages and their interaction had significant effects on the predation ability. The rate of natural control （RNC） in rice fields with no nitrogen application （0 kg N/hm2） in the different growth stages was more than 95%, highest among the 3 nitrogen fertilizer levels. The natural biological control functions in wet

关 键 词：稻田 氮肥 天敌 捕食作用 自然控制 

分 类 号：S435.112.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S476[农业科学—植物保护]