东北风沙半干旱区仁用杏作物间作对作物产量和土地生产力的影响  

Effect of apricot and crop intercropping on yield and land productivity in a semi-arid area of Northeast China

作　　者：白伟[1] 孙占祥[1] 郑家明[1] 杜桂娟[1] 蔡倩[1] 冯良山[1] 杨宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,辽宁省旱作节水工程中心,沈阳110161

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第9期2521-2528,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300204);国家自然科学基金项目(31170407)资助

摘　　要：2012—2014年在大田试验条件下设置仁用杏花生间作、仁用杏谷子间作、仁用杏甘薯间作、仁用杏单作、花生单作、谷子单作、甘薯单作7个种植模式,探讨了仁用杏作物间作对作物产量和土地生产力的影响。结果表明:间作作物与单作产量差异显著(P<0.05),3年间作花生、谷子、甘薯产量比单作平均减少62.90%、54.88%、64.32%,间作仁用杏与单作产量差异不显著(P>0.05);通过产量构成因素分析表明,仁用杏作物间作影响间作花生产量降低的因素为百粒重、荚果干重和仁干重,影响间作谷子产量降低的因素为穗长、穗粗和穗重,影响间作甘薯产量降低的因素为鲜重和干重;仁用杏谷子间作边3行叶片光合速率与单作差异不显著(P<0.05),这也是间作谷子产量降低较少的原因之一;仁用杏作物间作的土地当量比均大于1.00,说明3种间作模式均具有明显的间作优势,其中仁用杏谷子间作模式要优于其他模式,仁用杏谷子间作的土地生产力比仁用杏花生间作、仁用杏甘薯间作分别高5.15%、5.93%;相关分析发现,土地当量比与作物偏土地当量比呈极显著正相关(r=0.930**),与收获指数呈负相关(r=-0.299);仁用杏谷子间作模式的经济效益分别比仁用杏花生、甘薯间作高5.20%、7.88%。综合分析认为,仁用杏谷子间作最能够适宜当地生态环境,在东北风沙半干旱区持续雨养农业发展中具有很好的应用价值。A field experiment was conducted in 2012-2014 with seven planting patterns including apricotpeanut intercropping, apricotmillet intercropping, apricotsweet potato intercropping, and sole apricot, sole peanut, sole millet and sole sweet potato cropping, to investigate the effects of apricot intercropping system on crop yield and land productivity. The results showed that there was a significant difference between intercropping and sole apricot systems （P〈0.05）, and the average yield of peanut, millet and sweet potato in intercropping system was 62.90%, 54.88% and 64.32% lower than that of sole cropping system in the three years studied, but there was no significant difference in the apricot yield between apricot intercropping and sole apricot cropping （P〉0.05）. Analysis of yield components showed that 100grain weight, dry weight of pods and dry weight of peanut kernel were the major factors decreasing the yield of peanut in intercropping system; spike length, panicle and panicle weight were the major factors decreasing the yield of millet in intercropping system; fresh weight and dry weight were major the factors decreasing the yield of sweet potato in intercropping system. The land equivalence ratio of the apricot intercropping was more than 1.00, which indicated that the three intercropping patterns had obvious advantages. Specifically, the apricotmillet intercropping was better than the other two, and the land productivity of apricotmillet intercropping was 5.15% and 5.93% higher than that of apricotpeanut intercropping and apricotsweet potato intercropping, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the land equivalent ratio was significantly positively correlated with crop partial land equivalent ratio （r=0.930＊＊）, and negatively correlated with the harvest index （r=-0.299）. Collectively, the apricotmillet intercropping can be suitable for the local ecological environment, and has a good application potential in the development of rainfed

关 键 词：间作 产量 产量构成因素 土地生产力 经济效益 

分 类 号：S344.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S662.2[农业科学—农艺学]