民机研制系统工程若干基本概念的哲学思考  

The Basic Concepts of the Systems Engineering Approaches for Civil Aircraft Development

作　　者：陈泳[1] 田彬[2] 刘泽林[2] 谢友柏[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学,上海200240 [2]上海飞机设计研究院,上海201210

出　　处：《民用飞机设计与研究》2017年第3期35-41,共7页Civil Aircraft Design & Research

基　　金：工信部民机专项MIZ-2015-J-108资助

摘　　要：出于自主创新的需要,国内航空工业界已逐渐认识到系统工程方法在民机研制中的重要性。因此,越来越多的民机企业开始采用国际权威的《民用飞机与系统研制指南(SAE ARP 4754A)》来进行民机型号的研制,以确保民机型号研制过程能满足适航审查的要求。然而,由于这一指南中的一些基本概念不够清晰、逻辑也不严密,使得国内民机工程师难以准确把握系统工程的本质,进而导致他们实施系统工程方法时面临着很大的困难。从科学哲学、设计哲学等与民机研制紧密相关的学科出发,对民机研制系统工程中的若干基本概念进行了剖析,并在此基础上提出了一组更加清晰的系统工程概念(即行为、作用、功能、需求、要求等),以方便民机工程师能更好地理解系统工程方法的本质,并能在民机型号研制过程中进行应用。To achieve the goal of independent innovation, the aircraft industry in China has increasingly realized that it is significant to implement the systems engineering approaches in the civil aircraft development process. Therefore, more and more companies are trying to adopt the Guidelines for the Development of Civil Aircraft and Sys- terns （ i. e. , SAE ARP 4754A）, which is recommended by international civil aircraft organizations （ e. g. , FAA, EASA ） as a convincible approach for developing civil aircraft types that can meet airworthiness requirements. Since some basic concepts in the guidelines are still inexplicit, it is difficult for system engineers to explicitly understand the guidelines and to implement them in the aircraft development practice. Therefore, this paper has employed Sci- entific Philosophy and Design Science to analyze the shortcomings of some fundamental concepts in SAE ARP 4754A, and then proposes a new set of explicit concepts for systems engineering, including behavior, action, func- tion, need and requirement. It is expected that it is easier for domestic engineers in the civil aircraft industry to un- derstand the essence of the systems engineering approaches with such more explicit concepts, and to implement the approaches in the development of civil aircraft.

关 键 词：系统工程 科学哲学 设计科学 4754A 功能 行为 需求 要求 

分 类 号：V37[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]