五倍子废渣在土壤中分解对玉米生长和结实的影响  

Effect of decomposing gallnut dregs in soil on the growth and fruit of maize plants

作　　者：廖玉华[1] 胡红玲[1] 陈玉凤[1] 谭淼[2] 谭飞[1] 杨珊珊[1] 冯虹毓 胡庭兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院,成都611130 [2]四川农业大学风景园林学院,成都611130

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2017年第4期635-641,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：四川省"十三五"农作物育种攻关项目(2016NZ0098-10);四川省教育厅重点项目(13ZA0246)资助~~

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验,探讨不同添加量五倍子(Galla chinensis)加工没食子酸废渣(简称五倍子废渣)在土壤中分解对玉米(Zea mays)生长和结实的影响.实验设置T1(125 g/盆)、T2(250 g/盆)、T3(375 g/盆)、T4(500 g/盆)和T5(625 g/盆)5个添加水平,以不添加废渣为对照(CK),每盆土壤8 kg.出苗后统计发芽率和存活率,每15 d测定株高、地径,出苗30 d后,每15 d测定抗性生理指标.结果表明:(1)低剂量五倍子废渣在分解过程中未显著抑制玉米种子的发芽率和存活率,仅T4-T5处理下发芽率和存活率显著降低;(2)在添加废渣初期(45 d内),各处理对玉米株高和地径的抑制作用随处理剂量增加而增强,到中期(50-75 d)时,高剂量处理(T3-T5)对玉米株高和地径的影响由抑制转为促进;(3)五倍子废渣在土壤中分解显著延长了玉米的抽穗期,且延长程度与处理剂量呈正相关,各处理抽雄分别较CK推迟了3 d、5 d、9 d、10 d和12 d,抽丝分别推迟了4 d、7 d、8 d、13 d和16 d;(4)低剂量处理(T1-T3)玉米穗重、穗籽粒重、出籽率、穗长及其穗籽粒数较CK均不显著,穗长较CK降低0.27-0.7 cm;高剂量(T4-T5)处理对这5项指标的抑制作用明显,相较于CK,穗重减少18.12%和58.01%,穗籽粒重减少21.29%和74.47%,出籽率减少3.74%和53.40%,T5处理穗籽粒数减少66.41%.综上表明,在低剂量(T1、T2和T3)处理下五倍子废渣对玉米的生长影响不显著,而高剂量处理(T4-T5)则产生了显著的抑制作用;建议在生产实践中,五倍子废渣还田量宜控制在3 000 kg/亩(45 000 kg/hm^2)以下,不会影响玉米的产量.The effects of decomposing gallnut （Galla chinensis） dregs in soil, and on the stress physiology and reproductive growth of maize （Zea mays L.） were studied. A pot experiment was carried out and gallnut dregs were added at six different levels. Each pot contained 8 kg of soil mixed with 0, 125, 250, 375, 500 and 625 g gallnut dregs, respectively, and were denoted as CK, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. （1） Under low dose treatment of the dregs, the germination rate and survival rate of maize were not significantly inhibited, while these two indices, under T4 and T5 treatments decreased significantly, especially the stress index on maize under T4 and T5 treatments significantly increased with incremental dreg treatments. The germination rate for T1 to T5 treatments decreased by 11.54% to 38.47%, and the survival rate decreased by 0% to 19.22% compared with CK. （2） In the early stages （within 45 d） of dregs decomposition, each treatment showed increasing inhibitory effect on the plant height and ground diameter of maize, in proportion with increase in gallnut dregs. Between 50-75 d, the high dose （T4-T5） treatments promoted plant height and ground diameter of maize, instead of inhibitory effects. （3） The decomposition of gallnut dregs in soil significantly extended the heading period of maize, and the extended time was positively correlated to the dreg dosage. In each treatment, tasseling was delayed for 3 d, 5 d, 9 d, 10 d and 12 d, respectively, and silking was delayed for 4 d, 7 d, 8 d, 13 d and 16 d, respectively. （4） In low dosage （T1-T3） treatments, the inhibitory effects on the panicle weight, grain weight, seed-producing percentage, panicle length and grain number were not significant than those of CK, while the inhibitory effects of high dose （T4-T5） treatments on these five attributes were significant compared with CK （panicle weight decreased by 18.12% and 58.01%, grain weight by 21.29% and 74.47%, rate of seed set by 3.74% and 53.40%, and grain number per sp

关 键 词：五倍子 废渣 玉米 抗性生理 生殖生长 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] X503.231[环境科学与工程—环境工程]