高山峡谷区暗针叶林凋落物产量及动态  

Litter production and its dynamic pattern in a dark coniferous forest in the alpine gorge region

作　　者：杨佳萍[1] 寥蓉 杨万勤[1] 谭波[1] 付长坤[1] 张钰[1] 吴福忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学生态林业研究所,四川省林业生态工程重点实验室,高山森林生态系统定位研究站,成都611130 [2]四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州川西林业局,理县623102

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2017年第4期745-752,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31670526,31622018);四川省青年科技创新团队项目(2017TD0022)资助~~

摘　　要：森林凋落物生产及其组分动态是生态系统物质循环的关键基础过程.以海拔3 589 m高山峡谷区典型的四川红杉(Larix mastersiana)-岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)原始暗针叶林为研究对象,在2015年8月-2016年8月期间调查了凋落物产量及其组分动态特征.结果显示:1)暗针叶林凋落物年产量为3 839.68 kg/hm2,其中叶凋落量占年总凋落量的44.61%(常绿树种叶凋落量占叶凋落总量的55.32%,落叶树种占44.68%;乔木树种叶凋落量占叶凋落总量的95.88%,灌木树种占4.12%),落枝占43.29%,附生苔藓地衣占2.07%,树皮占3.34%,花果种子等繁殖器官占0.93%,其他杂物占5.75%.2)相对于其他树种,作为建群种的四川红杉和岷江冷杉的凋落叶是总凋落叶的主要来源,两者叶凋落量占总叶凋落量的76.64%.3)凋落总量、叶凋落量、落枝量和树皮凋落量动态均呈明显双峰型,凋落高峰分别出现在9-10月和5月;附生苔藓地衣和花果种子等繁殖器官凋落量动态呈单峰型,凋落高峰出现在5月.乔木树种的凋落节律与常绿树种的凋落节律相同,为双峰型,而灌木树种与落叶树种的凋落节律相同,为单峰型.本研究结果说明优势种的凋落叶特征影响着总凋落物特征并表现出显著的季节性凋落节律,这为进一步认识高山峡谷区暗针叶林物质循环及其相关的生态学过程提供了基础数据.Litterfall and its components and dynamical patterns play primary roles in forest material cycling, but studies on litterfall in the alpine gorge region have shown inconsistent results due to the complicated topography and climate. Therefore, monthly dynamical patterns of litterfall and its components were investigated from August 2015 to August 2016 in a primary dark coniferous forest. The forest was dominated by Larix mastersiana and Abies faxoniana at the altitude of 3 589 m. The results showed that： 1） Annual litter production in the forest was 3 839.68 ± 399.34 kg/hm2. Foliar litter accounted for 44.61% of total litterfall production （evergreen foliar litter 55.25%, deciduous foliar litter 44.75%, arbors foliar litter 95.88%, and shrubs foliar litter 4.12%）, barks and twigs accounted for 46.63%, reproductive organs accounted for 0.92%, mosses accounted for 2.08%, and other components accounted for 5.75%. 2） The main sources of foliar litter were L. mastersiana and A. faxoniana, accounting for 76.64% of the total amount of collected foliar litter, indicating that foliar litter production of the dominant species greatly influenced the dynamics of total litter production. 3） Litter production of foliar litter, twigs, and barks displayed a bimodal monthly pattern, and their peaks appeared in September, October and May, respectively. The moss and reproductive organs showed a mono-peak curve, and its peak appeared in May. Arbors and evergreen tree species displayed a bimodal monthly course, while deciduous tree species presented a mono-peak curve. These results provide basic data for further understanding of the material cycling and its related ecological processes in the dark coniferous forest in the alpine gorge region.

关 键 词：暗针叶林 凋落物 组分 产量 动态 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]