白蚁肠道微生物多样性和作用研究进展  

Research progress of diversity and function of symbiotic microbes in the gut of termites

作　　者：孙新新[1] 宁娜[1] 谭慧军 倪金凤[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学微生物技术国家重点实验室,济南250000

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2017年第4期764-770,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)子课题(2011CB707402);国家自然科学基金项目(31272370;30870085)资助~~

摘　　要：白蚁在热带森林系统碳循环和氮循环中起重要作用.白蚁肠道中的微生物包括原生生物、细菌、古菌和真菌,帮助白蚁消化食物.本文主要概括近年来白蚁肠道微生物多样性研究方面的新进展,介绍白蚁肠道微生物的组成和作用.白蚁种类繁多,根据其后肠内是否含有原生生物,分为低等白蚁和高等白蚁两大类群.不同白蚁食性不同,其肠道微生物的组成也不同.白蚁肠道微生物对于宿主具有重要的作用,帮助宿主分解木质纤维素,发酵产生乙酸、甲烷和氢气(中间产物),除此之外,在热带以土壤为食白蚁的腐殖质矿化作用有助于氮循环.白蚁与微生物的共生关系是目前较受关注的研究热点,不仅有助于人们了解白蚁共生菌群落间的互作及其与宿主间的关系,而且可能为工业生产纤维素乙醇提供潜在的方法.分离鉴定方法和高通量测序技术的发展将有助于进一步深入了解白蚁肠道微生物的结构组成和功能.Termites are important contributors to carbon and nitrogen cycling in tropical ecosystems. Termites depend on gut microbes for digesting food, and these gut microbes include protists, bacteria, archaea and fungi. Here, the recent advances in microbial diversity of termite gut is summarized and the roles of gut microorganisms are described. There are many different kinds of termites. According to the presence or absence of protists in the hindgut, termites are conventionally classified into two groups： lower termites and higher termites. Different termites have different feeding diets and the composition of the gut microbes also varies. Gut microbes play important roles in nutrition and energy metabolism of termites. They help the host in decomposing lignocellulose, producing acetic acid, methane and hydrogen （intermediate）. In addition, humus mineralization of the soil-feeding termites in the tropics is also helpful to the nitrogen cycle. Currently, the relationship between termites and symbiotic microorganisms has been a research focus. The studies on gut microbes not only facilitate our understanding of the symbiotic relationship between termites and microbes, the interaction among microbial communities, but also offer potential means for industrial production of cellulosic ethanol. With developments in the isolation methods and high-throughput sequencing technology, the structure and function of symbiotic microbes in the gut of termites will be further researched.

关 键 词：白蚁 肠道微生物 多样性 食性 碳氮循环 

分 类 号：Q93[生物学—微生物学] Q965