基于三维景观格局指数的张家界市土地利用格局时空演化  

Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Land-Use Pattern Changes in Zhangjiajie City Based on Three-Dimensional Landscape Pattern Indices

作　　者：朱东国[1,2] 谢炳庚[1] 熊鹏[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院,中国湖南长沙410081 [2]湘潭大学商学院,中国湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《经济地理》2017年第8期168-175,共8页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0502406);湖南省教育厅一般项目(16C1567)

摘　　要：在RS和GIS技术的支持下,基于三维景观方法选取面积/密度、边缘/形状、多样性3个方面的景观格局指数对典型山区张家界市1995—2015年的土地覆盖及其景观格局时空演化特征进行了分析。结果表明:20年来,研究区土地利用景观要素类型发生了明显变化,表现为耕地、草地面积大幅度减少,林地和建设用地面积大幅度增加,水域面积先增加后减少;耕地的主要去向是建设用地、林地和水域,林地增加的来源主要是草地和耕地。研究区景观格局20年来的总体变化情况是多样性指数先下降后升高,破碎度先减少后增加,景观异质性先降低后升高。同时,本研究显示,利用传统二维景观指数在进行定量描述该区景观格局变化时,低估了景观要素平均斑块面积,而三维景观格局指数由于引入了地形特征,对研究区景观格局及其动态变化反映则相对精确。With the support of RS and GIS technology and based on the method of 3D landscape, this article chooses three aspects of landscape pattern indexes which are area and density, edge and shape, diversity to analyze the land cover situation and the spatial temporal evolution characteristics of landscape pattern of the typical mountains in Zhangjiajie from 1995 to 2015. The results show that： in the past 20 years, the areas of cultivated land and grassland decreased sharply, water area, forestland and construction land increased obviously, which showed that landscape element types of land use had changed significantly in the study area. The major directions of land use change were the conversions of cultivated land to construction land, forestland and water, and grassland and cultivated land to forestland. The overall change of landscape pattern in the study area during the 20 years is that the diversity index first decreased and then increased, the degree of fragmentation first decreased and then increased. At the same time, this study shows that the traditional two-dimensional landscape index in quantitative description of the landscape pattern change and underestimate the average patch area of landscape elements, and 3D landscape pattern index due to the introduction of the terrain features, to study the landscape pattern and its dynamic change reflect are relatively accurate.

关 键 词：土地利用格局 三维景观格局指数 二维景观格局指数 时空演化 张家界市 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]