乌鲁木齐PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的形貌特征与来源解析  

MORPHOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS AND SOURCE ANALYSIS OF PM_(10) AND PM_(2.5) IN URUMQI

作　　者：邓文叶 贾尔恒.阿哈提 杨静 魏明娜 马俊英 蔺尾燕 祝婕 都伟新 

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区环境保护科学研究院新疆环境污染监控与风险预警重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《环境工程》2017年第8期96-101,共6页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家地区基金项目(41465008);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2016B03042-1);新疆维吾尔自治区科技基础条件平台建设项目(PT1504);新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费资助项目(KY2014065)

摘　　要：PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)是近年来乌鲁木齐市空气质量的首要污染物,其成分复杂,来源不清。采用扫描电镜和离子色谱研究了乌鲁木齐市2015年采暖期和非采暖期大气颗粒物PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的显微形貌,元素组成及其水溶性离子特征,并采用主成分分析法(PCA)对其来源进行解析。结果表明:PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的颗粒形态各异,以球状、团絮状形状居多。主要物质有硅铝酸盐颗粒、铁氧化物颗粒,硫酸/碳酸盐晶体,碳质气溶胶以及不明物质等。采暖期和非采暖期主要的无机水溶性离子分别是SO_4^(2-)、NH_4^+、NO_3^-、Cl^-和SO_4^(2-)、NH_4^+、NO_3^-、Ca^(2+)。推测乌鲁木齐市颗粒物污染主要来源于固定污染源。PM10and PM2.5are the primary pollutants which influence the urban atmospheric environment in recent years,and their composition are complicated and genetic mechanism are not clear. The microscopic morphology,element composition and water-soluble inorganic ions concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5in the Urumqi urban area were determined by scanning electronic microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer（ SEM-EDX） and ion chromatography. The principal component analysis（ PCA） was used to the source apportionment. The results indicated that PM10 and PM2.5showed different shapes,majority with globular and flocculent mass shape. The alumino silicate,iron oxides particles,sulfate/carbonate crystals,carbonaceous aerosols and unresolved materials were the main components of PM10 and PM2.5. In the heating period,SO4^2-,NH4^＋,NO3^- and Cl^- were dominant in the water-soluble ions of PM10 and PM2.5; while in the non-heating period,the main water-soluble ions were SO4^2-,NH4^＋,NO3^- and Ca^2＋. Judging by the results of PCA and SEM,the PM10 and PM2.5mainly came from stationary sources.

关 键 词：PM2.5 PM10 显微形貌 可溶性离子 源解析 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]