海事赔偿责任限制权利的扩张与平衡  

Expansion and Balance of Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims

作　　者：夏元军[1] XIA Yuan-jun(School of Law, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第4期16-31,共16页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目(12SF5053);辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目(L11DFX022);辽宁省教育厅人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(ZJ2015004);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(3132015116)

摘　　要：考察自英国《1734年船舶所有人责任法》以来有关海事赔偿责任限制的各国立法和国际条约可以发现,现代意义上的海事赔偿责任限制权利呈现逐步扩张的发展态势,具体表现在直接和间接两个方面:直接扩张包括权利主体类型增加、适用对象范围放宽;间接扩张源自丧失条件愈来愈严。与此同时,基于利益平衡的需要,海事赔偿责任限额不断提高。我国《海商法》在借鉴《1976年责任限制公约》时,存在权利主体减少、丧失条件放宽、责任限额过低等问题,需要进行修改、完善。The modern limitation of liability for maritime claims has followed a developmental momentum of gradual expansion,both direct and indirect,as can be found by reviewing the Anglo-American legislations and international conventions since the enacting of Responsibility of Shipowners Act by the UK in 1734.The direct expansion consists in the addition of the persons entitled to limit liability and broadness of the scope of application.The indirect expansion results from strictness of the conduct barring limitation.Simultaneously,the limits of liability are continuously increasing for the balance of interests.Maritime Code of the People＇s Republic of China,due to its reference to LLMC 1976,needs to be amended and improved since there are still problems unsolved such as reduction of the persons entitled to limit liability,relaxation of the conduct barring limitation and the low limits of liability.

关 键 词：权利要件 直接扩张 间接扩张 平衡 

分 类 号：D922.24[政治法律—经济法学]