美国地下水分配权制度的变迁及借鉴  

The Development and Reflection of American Underground Water Allocation System

作　　者：王莉[1] Wang Li(Law School of civiland Commercial Economy,Henan University of Economies and Law,Zhengzhou Henan 45004)

机构地区：[1]河南财经政法大学民商经济法学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2017年第5期135-141,共7页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：河南省哲学社会科学规划项目"中国环境治理体系法治化的理论及制度建构研究"的阶段性成果(项目编号:2016BFX002)

摘　　要：地下水分配权是美国地下水水法关注的核心权利,是地下水资源在不同利益方之间合法配置的基础权利。在美国早期的立法及司法实践中,通常会根据土地所有权理论和先占优先权理论确定地下水的分配规则。后来,地下水资源的稀缺性和地下水污染催生了地下水许可证制度时代的到来和严格管理模式的合法性。如今美国已经形成了相对完善的地下水分配权制度体系,该体系涵盖了地下水分配权的权利来源、许可证制度、地下水水权限制、基于环境技术的地下水分配之经济成本考量等子制度。美国地下水分配权制度的发展变迁告诉我们,地下水分配权应着力于明确权源、规范水井及水权许可、兼采经济措施,并强化对地下水水权的限制,同时应格外重视配套科学技术和多元共治管理策略的同步跟进和优化。Groundwater distribution is the core of American groundwater water rights,and the groundwater resource is without legal allocation between the parties of the right. In the early days,the legislation and judicial practice of groundwater distribution of legitimate and attention is closely related to the land,and emphasis on protection priority use of groundwater accounts for the first,usually based on land ownership theory and the theory of the first priority. But later,the scarcity of water resources and groundwater pollution has given rise to the advent of the era of water permit system and the legitimacy of the strict management mode. Today,the United States has formed a relatively perfect distribution system of groundwater.The system covers the groundwater source distribution of rights,license system,limitation of groundwater water rights,and economic cost consideration system.The distribution system of groundwater development tells us,groundwater distribution should focuse on specific power source,wells and water power license,economic measures,and the restriction on groundwater water right,should pay attention to science and technology,and multiple management strategy.

关 键 词：地下水分配权 相关权利原则 先占优先权 许可证 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]