如何定位汉语语法化的“特色”  

How to Understand the ‘Individualities’ of the Grammaticalization in Chinese?

作　　者：彭睿[1] 

机构地区：[1]新加坡国立大学中文系

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2017年第5期1-14,共14页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

摘　　要：语法化存在普遍性规律。讨论个别语言的语法化现象,必须准确定位该语言历时形态句法变化因类型学特征而呈现出来的特色。个别语言语法化的特色或个性的影响力往往十分有限。文献中提到的上古汉语语法化的两种特色,即词类在句法层面的灵活性和对语用推理的依赖性,都是值得商榷的。前者是上古汉语语法化的有标记的特征,而非通常性的原则和手段;后者并不能定性为汉语语法化的特色,而是汉语的形态句法特色,是语法化的结果。Universally applicable rules are identified in grammaticalization. It is important to appropriately understand a particular language＇s typologically-related individualities with respect to grammaticalization. Studies show that the impact of the language＇s unique features of this sort on grammaticalization is limited. As has been claimed in the literature, grammaticalization in the Late Archaic Chinese （LAC） has been affected by two typological properties, i.e., the relative freedom to assign different grammatical functions to a lexical （precategoriality） and the ease with which one and the same surface structure can be subject to different syntactic analyses （hidden complexity）. This is open to question. In terms of the grammaticalization in LAC, the precategoriality may be just a marked property, but not a typical means. Hidden complexity is not among the properties of grammaticalization in Chinese, but rather a property of Chinese morphosyntax, which has been developed via gram maticalization diachronically.

关 键 词：语法化 特色 普遍规律 语用推理 前范畴性 隐性复杂性 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]