中国式环境联邦主义：环境分权对碳排放的影响研究  

Chinese-style Environmental Federalism:A Study on the Effect of Environmental Decentralization on Carbon Emissions

作　　者：张华[1,2] 丰超[3] 刘贯春[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京审计大学工商管理学院,江苏南京211815 [2]复旦大学经济学院,上海200433 [3]中南大学商学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《财经研究》2017年第9期33-49,共17页Journal of Finance and Economics

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金项目(16GLC005);江苏高校哲学社会科学基金资助项目(2016SJB790019);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2017M610218);国家自然科学基金项目(71601098)

摘　　要：中国式环境联邦主义内嵌于中国式分权体系,是对经典环境联邦主义理论的有益补充和完善。为了回答环境保护事务的集权与分权之争,文章着眼于碳减排事务,在考虑分权指标潜在内生性问题的基础上,构建静态、动态和动态空间面板数据模型实证检验了环境分权的碳排放效应。研究发现,环境分权对碳排放水平具有显著的正向影响,这意味着中国当前的环境分权体制不利于碳排放治理,为环境"垂直管理"体制提供了证据。文章进一步从中国环境管理体制的变迁历程、地方政府环保支出的激励不足与地方环保部门的独立性缺失三个方面,阐释了环境分权体制下碳减排困境的内在逻辑。为了构建碳排放长效治理的环境管理体制,中国式环境联邦主义应更多地体现集权的意志,优化"条块交叉"的属地管理体制,并形成"条条为主"的垂直管理与激励相容制度。The Chinese-style environmental federalism, embedded in the system of the Chinese-style decentralization, is the useful supplement and improvement for the classic environmental federalism theory. For the sake of answering the debate of centralization and decentralization of environmental protection, this paper focuses on carbon emission reduc- tion affair and empirically tests the effect of environmental decentralization on carbon e- missions by employing static, dynamic and dynamic spatial panel data models based on a consideration of potential endogeneity of decentralization indicators. Empirical results show that environmental decentralization has significantly positive effect on carbon emissions, suggesting that China^s current environmental decentralization system is not conducive to carbon emission governance. Therefore, the conclusion provides evidence for the ＂vertical management＂ of the environmental protection system. Furthermore, it elaborates the in- ternal logic of carbon emission reduction dilemma under the environmental decentralization system in the following three aspects, the evolution history of China＇s environmental management system, the inadequacies of incentives for local governments＇ environmental protection expenditures and the lack of independence of local environmental protection de- partments. Therefore, in order to construct a long-acting environmental management sys- tem for controlling carbon emissions, the Chinese-style environmental federalism needs to intensify its will of centralization so as to optimize the territorial management system and form a vertical management and incentive-compatible system.

关 键 词：环境联邦主义 环境分权 碳排放 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学] F061.5