北极Ny-?lesund地区气候特征初步研究  

Climate characteristics in Ny-?lesund,Arctic

作　　者：王树杰[1] 丁明虎[1,2] 孙维君[3] 卞林根[1] 逯昌贵[1] 效存德[1,2] 魏婷[1] 张东启[1] 张通[1,2] 王叶堂[3] 窦挺锋 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院极地气象研究所,北京100081 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,兰州730000 [3]山东师范大学地理与环境学院,济南250014

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2017年第3期479-489,共11页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：科技部973计划项目(2013CBA01804;2016YFC1400303);自然科学基金项目(41425003);国家海洋局极地专项(CHINARE2015-20);中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201332)资助

摘　　要：使用中国北极黄河站、德法联合AWIPEV站和挪威NPI站自动气象观测资料,对Ny-?lesund地区近年来的气候特征进行了分析研究。结果表明:2005-2014年期间Ny-?lesund地区年均气温为(-3.3±0.7)℃;该地区过去40 a间的升温速率为(0.76±0.29)℃·(10a)^(-1),是同期全球升温速率(0.17±0.03)℃·(10a)^(-1)的4~5倍。2005-2014年期间年均相对湿度为(75.9±1.0)%,月均相对湿度的最高和最低值分别出现在8月和4月,比月均最高和最低气温滞后一个月;年均比湿为(2.5±0.1)g·kg^(-1),比湿上升速率为(0.14±0.12)g·kg^(-1)·(10a)^(-1)(1994-2010年)。2005-2014年期间年均气压为(1 008.2±2.1)hPa,5月平均气压最高,12月平均气压最低,气压日变化呈双峰双谷型。该地区风力较弱,2006-2013年间年均风速仅为(3.3±0.3)m·s^(-1);由于受Svalbard群岛冰帽和冰川等地形特征的影响,Ny-?lesund地区全年盛行东南风。该地区气候表现出典型的极地海洋性气候特征,冬季冰雪-夏季高寒苔原的特殊下垫面特征对其天气气候也有重要影响。Based on the automatic weather station observation of Yellow River Station,AWIPEV and NPI,in Ny-？lesund,Arctic,the statistical climate characteristics of Ny-Alesund have been analyzed in this paper.Variations of temperature,specific humidity,air pressure,wind speed and direction are described in detail.The main objective is to further assess Arctic climate change based on these meteorological records in Ny-Alesund.The results show that： 1） The annual mean temperature was（-3.3 ± 0.7） ℃ during 2005-2014,and the highest monthly mean temperature occurs in July while the lowest occurs in March.It was also found that the warming rate of Ny-Alesund（0.76 ± 0.29） ℃·（10a）^-1 was around four times larger than the global mean（0.17 ±0.03） ℃·（10a）^-1 during 1975-2014.2） The annual mean relative humidity was（75.9 ± 1.0）% during2005-2014,and the highest（lowest） monthly mean relative humidity appeared in August（April）,one month later than the highest（lowest） monthly mean temperature.The annual mean specific humidity was（2.5 ± 0.1）g·kg^-1,with a positive increasing rate of（0.14 ± 0.12） g·kg^-1·（10a）^-1 from 1994 through 2010.The annual air pressure was（1 008.2 ± 2.1） hPa averaged from 2005 through 2014,with the highest monthly mean in May and the lowest one in December; diurnal variation of air pressure showed double peaks.4） The annual wind speed was（3.3 ± 0.3） m·s^-1 averaged from 2006 through 2013.Due to the local environmental condition（e.g.,topography,ice caps and glaciers） in Svalbard,the prevailing wind direction is southeast.In summary,a typical polar marine climate governed this area,and the special underlying surface,snow and ice in winter and polar tundra in summer,also had significant effect.

关 键 词：北极 Ny-Alesund 黄河站 气候特征 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]