先秦至两晋旧君故吏之伦发展的学术与政治逻辑——以丧服学为视角的探索  

The Academic and Political Logic on the Evolution of the Previous Supervisor-subordinate's Ethics from the Pre-Qin Period to the Two Jin Dynasties——A Research from the Perspective of Mourning Apparel System

作　　者：邹远志[1] 陈戍国[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南涉外经济学院文法学院,湖南长沙410205 [2]湖南大学岳麓书院,湖南长沙410006

出　　处：《宁夏社会科学》2017年第5期183-191,共9页NingXia Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"中国礼学文献整理与研究"(项目编号:13&ZD058);湖南省社会科学基金重点项目"史部礼学文献整理与研究"(项目编号:14ZDB26)

摘　　要：《仪礼·丧服》所记"为旧君服"制度意在斩断旧君故吏关系与政治的联结。旧君故吏之伦在周代尚不具备"合礼性"。春秋以后,随着新的君臣观的出现,以私人恩义相维系的旧君故吏关系得到了认同,"为旧君服"的古礼也因之遭致误读。在此背景下,子思、孟子等先秦原始儒家更是在对该古礼的重释中植入君臣以礼义相交的道德内涵,从而使其变为彰显旧君故吏之伦的经典制度。降及汉魏,受选官制度及法律的影响,旧君故吏关系出现泛化并得到强化,官僚阶层普遍重视为旧君服丧,曹魏甚至出台了为旧君重服三年之制。但是这种因私人恩义而结成的人伦关系的过度发展,也威胁到了政治的安全。有鉴于此,晋代统治者通过对"为旧君服"制度的再度重释,因时制范,实现对旧君故吏之伦的制度控制。旧君故吏之伦的历史变迁显示出经典诠释与政治情势对中国古代社会人伦关系发展的强大影响。The ritual of the mourning for former heads in Mourning Apparel in Ceremonial Etiquette aimed to cut off the previous super- visor-subordinate＇ s relation and connection with politics. The Zhou dynasty did not recognize such ethical legitimacy. After？ the Spring and Autumn Period, with the appearance of new the monarch-subject standpoint, the previous supervisor-subordinate＇ s relation was recognized and the mourning for former heads was misunderstood. Under such background, Zi-si and Mencius endowed it with spe- cial moral connotation which was intersection with courtesy between monarch and subject, so that it become classics. In the Han and Wei Dynasties, under the influence of choosing officers system and legal system, the previous supervisor-subordinate＇ s Ethics obtained great development in this period. Subordinates were widespread mourning for their previous supervisors. Some of them even mourned for three years. The previous supervisor-subordinate＇ s Ethics had caused the deterioration of political ecology and threatened the safety of political rule when it over-developed. As a result, rnlers of Jin dynasties immediately carried out the social control on the ethics by the way of restoring the Zhou dynasty ritual. It showed that the development of ethics and the hermeneutic orientation of the classic system had great influence on the development of ancient human relationships.

关 键 词：《仪礼·丧服》 为旧君服制度 旧君故吏之伦 经典诠释 政治 

分 类 号：K892.9[历史地理—民俗学]