水稻耐盐育种研究进展  

Research Progress on the Breeding of Salt-tolerant Rice Varieties

作　　者：孙明法[1] 严国红[1] 王爱民[1] 朱国永[1] 唐红生[1] 何冲霄[1] 任仲玲[1] 刘凯[1] 张桂云[1] 施伟[1] 赵绍路 孙一标[1] 朱静雯[1] 宛柏杰 姚立生[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所,江苏盐城224002

出　　处：《大麦与谷类科学》2017年第4期1-9,共9页Barley and Cereal Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD01B01);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[CX(15)1005];中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA08030104);江苏省农业三新工程SXGC[2016]170

摘　　要：培育耐盐水稻品种是盐碱地的粮食作物增产和对盐碱地改良的重要途径之一。水稻对盐胁迫中度敏感,其耐(敏)盐性状是受多基因控制的数量性状,易受环境条件等因素影响。到2015年,利用AFLP、RFLP、SSR等分子标记手段在水稻12条染色体上定位的耐盐QTL已有250多个,其中以第1、2、6和7染色体上居多,但克隆的水稻耐盐基因相对较少。水稻耐盐品种的选育现仍以常规育种为主,即主要通过筛选耐盐种质及耐盐鉴定,再利用杂交和回交等方法将耐盐基因导入到优良水稻品种中,从而选育出综合性状优良的耐盐品种。本文阐述了国内外水稻种质耐盐性鉴定技术和指标、耐盐种质筛选、耐盐品种选育以及耐盐性的遗传及分子机理等研究进展,并对今后水稻耐盐育种研究工作提出了展望与建议。Breeding and cultivating salt-tolerant rice varieties is one of the most important approaches to increasing grain yield and ameliorating saline-alkali soil. Rice is moderately sensitive to salt stress, whose salt-tolerant trait is controlled by polygenes and is susceptible to environmental conditions. By 2015, more than 250 quantitative trait loci（QTLs） associated with salt tolerance in rice had been located on 12 rice chromosomes by using molecular markers such as AFLP, RFLP, and SSR; and most of these QTLs are located on the chromosomes 1, 2, 6 and 7. On the other hand, few genes for salt tolerance in rice have been cloned. The breeding of salt-tolerant rice varieties still mainly depends on conventional breeding, that is, screening and assessing salt-tolerant germplasm,which is then incorporated into fine rice varieties by hybridization and backcrossing, thereby creating salt-tolerant rice varieties. This paper illustrates the research progress on the breeding of salt-tolerant rice varieties in the following aspects： the techniques and parameters for assessing the salt tolerance of rice germplasm, the selection of salt-tolerant germplasm, the breeding of salt-tolerant varieties, and the genetic and molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance. Finally, this paper envisions the prospect of the breeding of salt-tolerant rice varieties and put forward some suggestions for future researches in this field.

关 键 词：水稻 种质 耐盐 育种 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]