济南雾和霾特征及其影响因素分析  

Analysis of Fog and Haze Weather Characteristics and Its Impact Factors in Ji'nan of Shandong Province

作　　者：于丽娟[1] 尹承美[1] 何建军[2] 张永婧[1] 李瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省济南市气象局,山东济南250002 [2]中国气象科学研究院,灾害天气国家重点实验室/中国气象局大气化学重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《干旱气象》2017年第4期581-589,共9页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41475038);山东省气象局重点科研课题(2013sdqxz01);山东省气象局预报员专项项目(SDYBY2014-15);中国科学院寒旱区陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室开放基金(LPCC201405)共同资助

摘　　要：利用2000—2013年济南逐日地面气象观测资料分析雾和霾的气候变化特征;同时基于NCEP FNL海平面气压资料,采用T-mode主成分分析结合K平均聚类法对天气形势进行客观分型,研究不同天气形势下雾和霾的发生频率。结果表明:(1)雾日数以0.4 d·a-1的速度下降,与相对湿度年际变化紧密相关;2011年以前济南霾日数呈现正常波动性变化,从2011年开始显著增加,尤其2013年出现霾日数跃增,霾日数年际变化与850~700 h Pa大气层逆温频率年际变化显著相关;(2)济南地区9种天气型中,冬季出现的弱低压型(WT6)和北路冷空气型(WT9)发生雾概率较高,冬季时均压场型(WT1)、弱冷空气型(WT5)和北路冷空气型(WT9)出现霾概率较高,秋季弱高压型(WT3)出现时发生霾频率较高。The characteristics of climatological variation for fog and haze weather in Ji＇nan of Shandong Province during 2000-2013 were analyzed by using daily meteorological observation data firstly. Nine categories of weather types were identified using T-mode principal component analysis and K-means cluster method based on NCEP FNL sea level pressure data. The occurrence frequency of fog and haze weather under different weather types was investigated. The results are as follows：（1） The fog days decreased with a rate of 0. 4 d per year during 2000-2013,which was closely related to the inter-annual variation of relative humidity. The hazy days had a normal fluctuation before 2011,but significantly increased during 2011-2013. Correlation analysis revealed that the inter-annual variation of haze day was obviously correlated with the inter-annual variation of the frequency of inversion between 850 and 700 h Pa.（2） The high occurrence frequency of fog day was found under weak low pressure type（WT6） and north road cold air type（WT9）weather patterns in winter. The frequency of haze day was high under uniform pressure field type（WT1）,weak cold air type（WT5）and north road cold air type（WT9） in winter and under weak high pressure center type（WT3） in autumn.

关 键 词：雾 霾 气候特征 天气形势 

分 类 号：P426.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P427.122