外部信息反馈对跳板跳水技术学习效率的影响  

Effect of Extrinsic Information Feedback on Motor Learning in Springboard Diving

作　　者：曹春梅[1] 李成伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学体育部,北京100084

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2017年第7期106-111,共6页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金"十二五"规划2012年度教育学一般项目(课题编号:BLA120091)

摘　　要：目的:分析外部信息反馈对跳板跳水技术训练过程中起跳高度的训练效率的影响,旨在为提高青少年跳水运动员的技术学习效率提供快捷有效的训练手段。方法:20名(男女各10名)省队乙级跳水运动员志愿参加实验,实验组和对照组各10名,实验组在每个训练动作完成后使用跳板跳水辅助训练平台向其反馈起跳高度值,而对照组没有起跳高度值的反馈,其他与训练相关的安排2组完全相同,完成12周的训练干预。研究结果表明:1)外部信息反馈对跳板跳水起跳高度的技术训练有促进作用,能够提高跳板运动员的训练效率。外部信息反馈对运动员学习新动作的效率有较大促进作用;而对于旧动作的学习,外部信息反馈的促进作用虽然没有新动作明显,但仍然比不使用外部信息反馈的运动员训练效率高。2)从起跳模型的分析发现,提高运动员技术的稳定性是外部信息反馈提高训练效率的手段之一。3)压板深度与起跳高度之间的关系并不十分密切,较大的压板深度,仍然不能保证他能够获得较高的起跳高度。The purposes of this study were to analyze whether extrinsic information feedback could promote the training efficiency on takeoff height of springboard diving, and to find a better training method to improve diving skill of young drivers. Methods： Twenty provincial drivers （10 male） took part in this study, they were divided into control group （n = 10） and experiment group （n = 10）, and finished the same 12 weeks training except that athletes of experiment group had feedback of takeoff height from auxiliary training platform after each training session. Results： 1 ） Extrinsic information feedback can improve the training efficiency on takeoff height in springboard diving. It promotes the efficiency of athletes to learn new and old movements, and it is more obvious in new movement learning： 2） The analysis of take-off model showed that improving the skill stability of athletes is one of the means to improve training efficiency though external information feedback. 3 ） The relationship between the depth of springboard and the height of the take-off is not close ; the larger depth of springboard cannot guarantee a higher take-off height for athletes.

关 键 词：外部信息反馈 跳板训练 起跳高度 动作学习 训练效率 

分 类 号：G861.2[文化科学—体育训练]