中日韩三国剑术(道)技术特征分析  

Comparative Study on Swordsmanship's Skill Characteristics of China,Japan and South Korea

作　　者：赵建波[1] 武冬[2] 

机构地区：[1]石家庄学院体育学院,河北石家庄050035 [2]北京体育大学武术学院,北京100084

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2017年第7期132-138,145,共8页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2015ZX005);河北省社会科学基金项目(HB14TY007)

摘　　要：剑本质是格斗卫体的兵器,剑术实质是一种击刺之术,早在汉代就有"剑道"记载,随着时代发展,剑的功能逐渐发展成为具有格斗、礼仪、道法的器具,但是,其本质依然不可脱离"武",特别是作为体育属性下的剑术,由术入道,更是彰显剑器与剑术的本质属性,然而在体育转型大背景下,中国、日本、韩国的剑术(道)虽然渊源有关,却走上了不同的发展道路,值得深入研究。主要采用文献资料和对比法,通过对中国剑术与日韩剑道的技术体系进行剖析研究,试图借鉴日韩2国在剑道上的发展模式,反思中国剑术在当前形势下的发展窘境,促进中国剑术的发展。研究显示:剑术的发展应以打、练技术有机的结合,则是发展与推广中国剑术的技术趋势和未来发展方向之一;中国剑术应借鉴和吸取日韩剑道实战发展模式的优点,取长补短,兼顾演练与技击内涵,加强实战技法对抗,两者兼顾发展;提炼、整理,统一规范中国竞技剑术技法、剑术演练与相击形式的整合,科学合理的借用成熟的武术段位制推广模式,完整地保留武术剑术技术和理论体系,加以贯彻和渗透浓厚的武术文化特色,追求完善"文化""技击""健身"功能的统一。Sword actually is a weapon for fighting and self-protection, and swordsmanship is the skill of fighting. ＂Kendo＂ was recorded in the early Han Dynasty, with the development of the times, sword had gradually become a t0ol in fighting, etiquette and imitation, and its essence was still not out of ＂Wu＂ ; especially the swordsmanship with sports attribute showed the essential attribute of sword and swordsmanship. Chinese swordsmanship and kendo in Japan and South Korea are related, but they have a different development path under the background of sports transformation, which deserves further study. This study analyzed the technique system of China swordsmanship and Japan and South Korea kendo by the methods of literature review and coinparative analysis, trying to learn from the development modern of Japan and South Korea kendo, reflecting Chinese swordsmanship with develop- ment dilemma, and promoting the development of Chinese swordsmanship. Conclusions： Swordsmanship＇s devel- opment should be based on skill combination of practice and fighting, which is its development direction; Chinese swordsmanship should learn and absorb the advantages of fighting development model of Japan and South Korea kendo, take into account the connotation of practice and fighting, strengthen technique fighting; Chinese fighting should refine, organize and standardize the integration of technique, practice and fighting, scientifically and rea- sonably borrow the promotion model of Wushu rank system, completely maintain the technique of swardsmanship and theory system of Wushu, carry out and infiltrate the strong cultural characteristics of Wushu, and pursue the unity of culture, combat and fitness.

关 键 词：剑道 剑术 中日韩 技术特征 技术风格 攻防动作 

分 类 号：G85[文化科学—民族体育]