化学物质经皮职业暴露定量评估模型的研究及应用  

Research and application of quantitative assessment model on chemical substances dermal exposure

作　　者：陈会祥[1] 黄德寅[1] 王卉[1] 薄亚莉 孙倩[1] 张倩[1] 李敏嫣[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津渤海化工集团公司劳动卫生研究所,天津300051

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2017年第4期282-285,296,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：天津市科技支撑计划重点项目(13ZCZDSY02300)

摘　　要：目的验证NIOSH定量评估模型模拟结果的可靠性和准确性,并通过实例应用,评估有毒化学物质皮肤接触的吸收程度,提出相应的防护措施建议。方法选择几种典型的易经皮吸收的化学物质,通过欧洲有毒化学物质皮肤吸收的评估和预测数据库(EDETOX Database)获取其经皮吸收实验数据,将这些研究实例通过NIOSH模型进行吸收率的模拟,将模拟结果与实验数据对比并进行统计学分析,评价NIOSH模型的可靠性和准确性。再以三甲苯磷酸酯和苯酚为实例,采用NIOSH模型评估吸收的剂量(mg),将我国的职业接触浓度限值(mg/m^3)转换为接触当量限值(mg),对经由皮肤吸收的职业暴露程度进行判定。结果模型模拟结果和实验数据的差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实例应用模拟结果显示,三甲苯磷酸酯3种模拟场景的8 h、150 h吸收剂量分别为0.01 mg、0.03 mg、0.03 mg和0.76 mg、4.48 mg、6.93 mg,未超过时间折算接触限值当量(0.67 mg、12.56 mg);苯酚3种模拟场景的8 h吸收剂量分别为7.10mg、2.35 mg、15.40 mg,亦未超过时间折算接触限值当量(22.46 mg)。结论该模型具有一定的准确性和可靠性。实例应用显示,NIOSH模型对于经皮吸收的影响因素考虑全面,职业暴露场景的设置灵活方便,对于工作场所化学物质经皮吸收职业暴露评估具有较强的实用性。Objective To verify the reliability and accuracy of NIOSH quantitative assessment model and evaluate the dermal absorption degree of chemical substances by skin exposure by practice application examples,thereby offer corresponding protection proposals. Methods Several typical chemical substances that easy to be absorpted through skin were selected,the experiment data of skin absorption was obtained from EDETOX Database; compare the skin absorption simulation results by NIOSH quantitative assessment model with the data from EDETOX Database and take statistical analysis,the reliability and accuracy of model could be well evaluated. Then,take tricresyl phosphate and phenol as examples to evaluate their absorption degree using NIOSH quantitative assessment model. Additionally,convert the national occupational exposure limit（ mg/m^3） to exposure equivalent limit（ mg） for judging the exposure degree by skin absorption. Results The results showed that there was no difference between model simulation and experiment data（ P0. 05）. The absorption dose of tricresyl phosphate during three different simulation scenes were 0. 01 mg,0. 03 mg,0. 03 mg,respectively for 8h and 0. 76 mg,4. 48 mg,6. 93 mg,respectively for 150 h,all were under the exposure equivalent limits（ 0. 67 mg for 8 h and 12. 56 mg for 150 h）; while the absorption dose of phenol on three simulation scenes for were 7. 10 mg,2. 35 mg,15. 40 mg,respectively for 8 h,also under the exposure equivalent limit（ 22. 46 mg）. Conclusion The results suggested that NIOSH model had certain reliability and accuracy,the practice application further showed the model had a comprehensive consideration on impact factors and flexible and convenient scene setting,therefore,has good practicability for occupational exposure assessment of chemical substances through dermal absorption in workplace.

关 键 词：化学物质 经皮吸收 职业暴露 评估模型 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]