雾霾责任、环境外交与中日韩合作  

Smog,Environmental Diplomacy and China-Japan-ROK Cooperation

作　　者：董亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]外交学院亚洲研究所

出　　处：《当代韩国》2017年第2期1-14,共14页Contemporary Korea

摘　　要：中日韩三国环境合作已开展20多年,但其治理的机制化进展缓慢。近年,日韩利用跨界大气污染议题向中国施压,导致中国的环境外交出现被动。日韩欲使中国承担“责任”,并要求中国在区域环境合作中提供更多公共物品。然而,由于保护大气在国际法和科学上的复杂性,没有单一的手段或制度能够解决跨界空气污染问题。将空气议题过度政治化,可能会导致治理失灵和非机制化,这种做法无助于次区域环境治理。在应对复合型污染源导致的长距离空气污染问题上,一些国际环境法原则如“污染者付费”实际上难以发挥有效作用。因此,中日韩应强化“共同参与”、“预防性原则”与“可持续发展”的国际规范,避免以“雾霾责任”作为施压方式,从而提升区域环境合作的有效性。The Tripartite Environment Ministers Meeting among China, Japan, and Repubhc of Korea （TEMM） as the governance mechanism has been running for nearly 20 years, but the trilateral environmental cooperation is in slow progress. In recent years, Japan and Republic of Korea exert pressure via transboundary air pollution to China, making China passive in environment diplomacy. Japan and R.OK attempt to hold China responsible, thus to provide public goods in environmental cooperation. But it does not help with the effectiveness of environmental governance. Excessive pohticalization of air problems in Northeast Asia, may lead to governance deficit. Due to the problem of long-distance air pollution caused by complex pollution sources, normative principles such as the principle of equality, polluter pays in reality is difficult to work. Governance as shared resource of the atmosphere is the common interests of the three countries, thus countries must rely on trilateral cooperation. This is also because the protection of the atmosphere in the international law and science is complex, and there is no single means can solve the problem. Therefore, China, Japan and Republic of Korea should strengthen principles like common participation, precautionary principle and sustainable development in international norms to reduce pollution as a way to achieve the effectiveness of regional environmental cooperation.

关 键 词：雾霾 中日韩 责任 科学评估 环境外交 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系] X32[政治法律—政治学] X51[政治法律—外交学]