调亏灌溉和氮处理对小桐子生长及水分利用的影响  

Effect of regulated deficit irrigation and nitrogen nutrition on growth and water use efficiency of Jatropha curcas L.

作　　者：李婕[1] 杨启良[1] 徐曼[1] 贾维兵[1] 雷龙海 徐天宇[1] 刘小刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,云南昆明650500 [2]毕节市水土保持办公室,贵州毕节551700

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2016年第11期995-1002,共8页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51379004);云南省应用基础研究面上资助项目(2013FB024)

摘　　要：为了研究阶段水分亏缺（亏水＋不亏水W_LW_H、不亏水＋亏水W_HW_L、亏水＋亏水W_LW_L、不亏水＋不亏水W_HW_H）和不同施氮量（NZ：0,NL：0.2 g/kg,NH：0.4 g/kg）对小桐子生长、生理指标和灌溉水利用效率的影响,通过盆栽试验,发现W_LW_H的生长和灌溉水利用效率均显著高于W_HW_L;作物的灌溉水利用效率随施氮量的增大而呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在NL水平下达到最大值;与高水高氮的处理NHW_HW_H相比,中水低氮处理NLW_LW_H节约灌溉水27%,节约氮肥使用量50%,小桐子株高减少31%、总干物质量减少35%,灌溉水利用效率减少13%,但茎粗增加13%,根冠比增加20%.可见小桐子在第一阶段处理（40~90 d）幼树期对水分的需求量较小,适度的亏缺灌溉可提高灌溉水利用效率;小桐子在第二阶段处理（90~140 d）处于旺长期,对水分的需求量较大,增大灌水量可大幅度促进小桐子生长及其干物质量的积累.全生育期实施亏缺灌溉,可提高小桐子自身适应外界环境能力,抗干旱胁迫能力也逐渐增强,但W_LW_L水平下的小桐子生长缓慢.经综合分析,认为处理NLW_LW_H可作为干旱地区条件下的小桐子灌溉和施氮制度.To explore effects of regulated deficit irrigation and nitrogen nutrition on growth and water use efficiency of Jatropha curcas L.,a set of pot experiments are conducted at four water levels（ W_LW_H,W_HW_L,W_LW_L,W_HW_H） and three nitrogen levels（ NZ： 0,NL： 0. 2 g /kg,NH： 0. 4 g /kg）. It is shown that the growth and irrigation water use efficiency at W_LW_Hlevels are significantlyhigher than W_HW_L. With increasing nitrogen level,the irrigation water use efficiency shows a maximum value at NLlevel. Compared with NHW_HW_H,the height,total dry matter and irrigation water use efficiency are decreased by 31%,35% and 13%,irrigation water is saved by 27%,and nitrogen fertilizer dosage is reduced by 50%,respectively,at NLW_LW_Hlevels,but the plant stem diameter,root- shoot ratio are increased by 13% and 20%. In the first stage of growth（ 40- 90 d）,less water is demanded,moderate deficit irrigation can improve the irrigation water use efficiency. In the second stage of growth（ 90- 140 d）,more water is on demand for vigorously growing,increasing irrigation water can promote plant growth and dry matter accumulation greatly. Even though a deficit irrigation in the whole growth period can improve the ability to adapt to the environment,the plant production decreases. After a comprehensive analysis,NLW_LW_His the best irrigation and nitrogen fertilization scheme under arid area conditions for Jatropha curcas L.

关 键 词：小桐子 调亏灌溉 氮营养 土壤含水率 灌溉水利用效率 

分 类 号：R275.3[医药卫生—中医皮科]