肥料选择对北京市西瓜种植收益的影响——基于对北京市西瓜种植户的调研  

Effect of Fertilizer Selection on the Planting Benefit of Watermelon in Beijing——Based on the Survey of Watermelon Growers in Beijing

作　　者：张璇[1] 高运安 胡宝贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京农学院经济管理学院,北京102206

出　　处：《农业展望》2017年第8期66-70,85,共6页Agricultural Outlook

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金特别委托项目(13JDJGD012);国家社会科学基金项目(13BGL098);北京市农业局团队建设专项(BAIC10-2017)

摘　　要：基于对北京市西瓜种植户的调研,分析了影响北京市西瓜种植收益的成本因素,发现肥料投入是影响北京市西瓜种植收益的重要因素。运用Cobb-Douglas生产函数建立多元逐步回归模型,实证分析了化肥和有机肥的选择对北京市西瓜种植收益的影响。结果表明,化肥和有机肥的成本差距大,化肥投入对北京市西瓜种植收益影响程度大,效果更好。但过量施用化肥会导致土壤贫瘠,破坏生态环境。结合模型分析结果,针对存在的问题,从4个方面提出了促进北京西瓜种植节本、增效的对策与建议:研制新型肥料,正确引导种植户科学合理施肥;肥料供给标准化,实施测土配方平衡施肥,加强土壤监测;建立健全完整的肥料法律法规、完善生态环境监测体系;提高公众的无公害意识,加强农业生态保护教育。Based on the survey of watermelon growers in Beijing, this paper analyzed the cost factors affecting the cultivation benefit of watermelon in Beijing, and found that fertilizer input was an important factor affecting the cultivation benefit of watermelon in Beijing. Therefore, the Cobb-Douglas production function was used to establish the stepwise multiple regression model, and the effects of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer on the planting benefit of watermelon in Beijing were analyzed. The results showed that the cost difference between chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer was large, and fertilizer input had a great influence on the planting benefit of watermelon in Beijing, with better effect. However, excessive application of chemical fertilizers can lead to soil depletion, destruction of the ecological environment. Aiming at the existing problems and combining with the results of the model analysis, from four aspects, the authors put forward countermeasures and suggestions on reducing cost and increasing benefit ofwatermelon cultivation in Beijing： developing new type of fertilizers and correctly guiding the farmers to fertilize scientifically and rationally; standardizing fertilizer supply, carrying out soil testing formula and balancing fertilization and strengthening soil monitoring; establishing and improving the integrity of the fertilizer laws and regulations, and perfecting the ecological environment monitoring system; raising public awareness of free-pollution and strengthening education about agricultural ecological protection.

关 键 词：北京 西瓜 肥料 化肥 有机肥 COBB-DOUGLAS生产函数 种植收益 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]