18世纪英国劳资纠纷化解机制的嬗变  

Evolution of Mechanism for Industrial Disputes Resolution in England in the 18th Century

作　　者：初庆东[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学历史文化学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第5期161-167,共7页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"近代英国劳资冲突化解机制的形成研究"(13BSS029);教育部人文社科研究规划基金项目"英国工业化进程中集体谈判制度的形成研究"(12YJA770028)

摘　　要：随着18世纪英国工业革命的开展,劳资纠纷与冲突日趋普遍与激烈。为此,英国政府积极变革劳资纠纷化解机制,改变前工业化时期以管制为核心的家长制劳资纠纷化解机制,转而采用以仲裁为主要内容的劳资纠纷化解机制。英国劳资纠纷化解机制的这一嬗变,发端于1756年法令的存废之争,完成于1800年《结社法》的颁布。纵观18世纪英国推行劳资立法的实况,以家长制劳工立法为核心内容的厘定工资条款和学徒制条款渐次废弛,而仲裁条款成为劳工法令的新内容。与此同时,作为国家化解劳资纠纷的权力主体,治安法官逐渐放弃"家长"的角色,转而发挥"仲裁者"的角色,仲裁制遂取代家长式管制,成为18世纪后期英国劳资纠纷化解的重要机制。With the development of Industrial Revolution,industrial disputes and conflicts became much more common and fierce.Therefore,British government changed the mechanism for industrial disputes resolution,which was from patriarchal system to arbitration.This evolution began from the debate of 1756 Act,and finished in the pass of Combination Act in 1800.Considering the actual situation of labour laws＇enforcement in the 18 th century,articles of wage regulation and apprenticeship,which were core articles of patriarchal labour law,were declined gradually.Meantime,arbitration was the new item of labour legislation.Justices of the peace were main power to solve industrial disputes,which were not patriarch but arbitrator.Then,arbitration replaced patriarchal regulation,and was an important mechanism for industrial disputes resolution in the late 18 th century.

关 键 词：英国 劳资纠纷化解机制 家长制 仲裁制 劳工法令 治安法官 

分 类 号：F249.19[经济管理—劳动经济] K561.4[经济管理—国民经济]