不同网球起动技术对起动及短距离冲刺表现影响的实证研究  

Empirical Research of Effect on Performance of Starting and Short Distance Sprinting of Different Starting Techniques in Tennis

作　　者：王锋[1] 陈彦[2] 栾丽霞[1] 李成梁[3] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学体育部,湖北武汉430074 [2]沈阳广播电视大学直属北陵分校,辽宁沈阳110032 [3]沈阳体育学院体育教育学院,辽宁沈阳110102

出　　处：《沈阳体育学院学报》2017年第4期113-120,共8页Journal of Shenyang Sport University

基　　金：2016湖北省教学研究项目:普通高校体育课程体系构建的研究与实践(2016050)

摘　　要：目的:通多比较不同网球起动技术下的起动及短距离冲刺表现的差异性,进行起动技术的择优。方法:主要采用实验法。结果:向左侧移动时,各个起动技术在起动、2.5 m和5 m冲刺时间及起动和冲刺的总时间上差异性显著(偏η2=0.216~0.509,P<0.001);向右侧移动时,各个起动技术在起动、2.5 m和5 m冲刺时间和起动及冲刺的总时间上差异性显著(偏η2=0.241~0.539,P<0.001);前跨步和后撤步的起动和2.5 m的冲刺时间以及起动和2.5 m及5 m冲刺总时间有显著性差异(d=0.264~0.381,P<0.05),且前跨步>后撤步;两种向前起动技术的5 m冲刺时间没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:网球运动员在侧向移动时,采用支撑前移步的起动和短距离冲刺表现最佳,其次是重力步;随着冲刺距离的增加,这两种起动技术的作用要优于前冲步和并步。向前移动时,采用后撤步的起动和短距离冲刺表现最佳,随着冲刺距离的增加,这种起动技术的作用无异于前跨步。Objective： This study was to make the best selection of starting technology in tennis by comparing the differences of starting and short sprint performance with different starting techniques of tennis. Methods： the study mainly used experi- mental method. Results：There was a significant difference in the time of starting,2, 5 m and 5 m sprint time and the total time of starting and sprint of each start technology. When the tennis player moved left （partial ,η2 = 0.216 -0. 509 ,P 〈 0. 001 ） ;there was a significant difference in the time of starting,2.5 m and 5 m sprint time and the total time of starting and sprint of each start technology,when the tennis player moved right （ partial ,η2 = 0. 241 - 0. 539, P 〈 0. 001 ）. There was significant difference in the time of starting ,2.5 m sprint time and the total time of starting and sprint between the parallel step and false step（ d =0.264 - 0. 381 ,P 〈 0.05 ） ,and the result of false step was better than jab step, the time of 5 m sprint of this two starting techniques had no significant difference （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusions ： when the tennis player used the pivot step during the lateral movement,the performance of starting and short distance sprint was the best,and the second was gravity step;with increasing distance sprint, this two starting techniques were superior to the jab step and side step. When the tennis player moved forward,the performance of starting and short distance sprint of the false step was the best, but with increasing distance sprint,the effect on the performance of starting and short distance sprint of this false step and parallel step had not different.

关 键 词：网球 起动技术 起动 短距离冲刺 

分 类 号：G845[文化科学—体育训练]