南宋地方志与风俗观的变迁——以南宋地方志《风俗门》为中心的考察  

Local Records of Southern Song Dynasty and the Changes in Folk Customs Perspectives-A Survey Centered around Folk Customs Category in Local Records of Southern Song Dynasty

作　　者：王忠敬 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院

出　　处：《中国地方志》2017年第8期56-62,共7页China Local Records

摘　　要：目前存世的南宋地方志普遍有《风俗门》,其设置的方式因地方志体例的不同而不同,主要有两种形式:单立门类或属于纲目之下的子目。该门类既记载地方社会的风土人情,也记录地方志编纂者对于当地社会风俗的看法,还收录部分地方官劝谕风俗的官方文书或私人著述。影响《风俗门》编纂的因素大致有四:地方官和士人对于"风俗"的密切关注、地方官处理政务的需求、地方社会推行教化的目的、前代志书体例的影响等。南宋地方志编纂者的风俗观念普遍呈现出倡导崇文尚学、忠孝节义、敦睦亲族等特点,特别关注家庭、家族和国家的关系,强调士人在地方社会教化中的作用。同时,南宋地方士人更加注重本地特征的书写,这或许正是南宋时期地方意识不断成长的一种表现。Most local records of Southern Song Dynasty currently in existence have a folk customs category. The ways of its setup varied with differences in local records styles, and took mostly two forms: an independent category,or a sub-category under key categories. It records not only folk customs of the local society,but also the views of local records compilers for local social customs,and parts of official documents and private writings of local officials in certain persuations concerning folk customs. The compilation of folk customs category was roughly influenced by 4 factors: close attention on'folk customs'from local officials and the local gentry,needs from local officials in dealing with administrative affairs,educational aims from the local society,and the influcences from local records styles of earlier generations. The folk customs concepts of local records compilers in Southern Song Dynasty influcence the local records mostly encouraged merits such as advocating reverence for academic studies and education,loyalty,filial piety,chastity,righteousness,and family harmony. Special attention was paid to the relations among family,kinship,and country,and emphasize the role of the local gentry in local society education. The local gentry during Southern Song Dynasty also put much emphasis on the writings of local features,which could be probably considered as a display of the constantly growing local consciousness during Southern Song Dyansty.

关 键 词：南宋 地方志 风俗门 风俗观念 

分 类 号：K29[历史地理—历史学]