河流微生境异质性与大型底栖动物空间分布的关系  

Relationship of river microhabitat heterogeneity and macroinvertebrate spatial distribution

作　　者：张海萍[1] 张宇航[2] 马凯[3] 余杨[1] 渠晓东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水环境研究所,北京100038 [2]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110866 [3]四川大学水利水电学院,成都610065

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2017年第9期3023-3031,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41501204;51479219);中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(WE0145B062016)资助~~

摘　　要：大型底栖动物是河流生态系统较好的指示类群,越来越广泛地应用于河流生态状况评价.识别大型底栖动物空间分布的影响因素可以分为宏观尺度因子、中观尺度因子和微观尺度因子.前人的研究较多集中于中观尺度.本研究基于10 m河段微生境因子与大型底栖动物调查,采用地统计学方法,在微观尺度上分析了大型底栖动物空间分布特征及其与微生境的关系.结果表明:不同生境类型中底栖动物指标存在差异性,激流、深潭和急流的Shannon指数平均值分别为2、1.9、1.78;大型底栖动物密度、生物量、丰富度指数及Shannon指数具有空间自相关性,存在一定的扩散效应;微生境因子与大型底栖动物指标及物种的空间关系存在差异性,其中,水深和流速与大型底栖动物关系的拟合度较弱,底质组成与大型底栖动物的拟合关系相对较好,底栖动物密度与粒径<4 mm底质体积百分比呈现正空间自相关,生物量、丰富度指数、Shannon指数与粒径>32 mm底质体积百分比呈现正空间自相关.本研究结果可为底栖动物扩散机制研究、调查样方设置、物理生境修复等提供参考.As a good indicator, macroinvertebrates are widely adopted in the assessment of river ecological status. Macroinvertebrate distribution is affected by factors of macro-, meso- or micro-scale. The previous research on relationship of macroinvertebrate and habitat factors mainly focused on the meso-scale. Based on surveys of maeroinvertebrates and microhabitat factors at a 10 m reach, the spatial distribution characteristics of macroinvertebrates and its relationship with microhabitat heterogeneity were analyzed here to obtain the following results. 1 ） Macroinvertebrate density, biomass, richness and Shannon index varied with habitat types. The Shannon index values of riffle, pool and run were 2, 1.9, and 1.78, respectively. 2） Spatial autocorrelation existed among the density, biomass, richness index and Shannon index of macroinvertebrate. 3） There were differences in the relationships between microhabitat factors and macroinvertebrate spatial distribution. The fitting degree of flow depth, as well as velocity, and the macrobenthos was weak, while the fitting relationship between composition of sediment and macrobenthos was relatively good. Results demonstrated a positive correlation between macroinvertebrate density and the volume percen-tage of substrate with particle size 〈4 mm. The biomass, richness index and Shannon index showed a positive spatial correla- tion with the volume percentage of substrate with particle size 〉 32 mm. The results of this study could provide references for diffusion mechanism research on macroinvertebrates, sample settings and physical habitat restorations.

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 河流微生境 异质性 地统计学 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]